Murine typhus and spotted fever in Israel in the eighties: retrospective analysis.

One hundred and twenty-one cases of murine typhus and spotted fever in Israel between 1976 and 1985 in the Chaim Sheba Medical Center are reviewed. Clinical manifestations of murine typhus were similar to those described previously, but those of spotted fever were different from classical Mediterranean spotted fever: rash was present in 87% but eschar was noted in only two out of 38 patients. The occurrence of relapse in eight of the 16 patients treated with chloramphenicol (seven cases of murine typhus and one case of spotted fever) was striking, particularly since none occurred in 86 patients treated with tetracycline hydrochloride (p less than 0.01). Relapses were milder than the primary illness, except for one which did not receive specific therapy and was fatal.