Climate Change Institute and School of Biology and Ecology, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA.
Environ Sci Process Impacts. 2020 May 1;22(5):1166-1189. doi: 10.1039/c9em00528e. Epub 2020 Mar 11.
Environmental change is continuing to affect the flow of nutrients, material and organisms across ecosystem boundaries. These cross-system flows are termed ecosystem subsidies. Here, we synthesize current knowledge of cross-ecosystem nutrient subsidies between remote lakes and their surrounding terrain, cryosphere, and atmosphere. Remote Arctic and alpine lakes are ideal systems to study the effects of cross ecosystem subsidies because (a) they are positioned in locations experiencing rapid environmental changes, (b) they are ecologically sensitive to even small subsidy changes, (c) they have easily defined ecosystem boundaries, and (d) a variety of standard methods exist that allow for quantification of lake subsidies and their impacts on ecological communities and ecosystem functions. We highlight similarities and differences between Arctic and alpine systems and identify current knowledge gaps to be addressed with future work. It is important to understand the dynamics of nutrient and material flows between lakes and their environments in order to improve our ability to predict ecosystem responses to continued environmental change.
环境变化继续影响着生态系统边界之间营养物质、物质和生物的流动。这些跨系统的流动被称为生态系统补贴。在这里，我们综合了目前关于远程湖泊与其周围地形、冰冻圈和大气之间的跨生态系统营养补贴的知识。偏远的北极和高山湖泊是研究跨生态系统补贴影响的理想系统，因为 (a) 它们位于环境变化迅速的地方，(b) 即使是很小的补贴变化，它们的生态系统也很敏感，(c) 它们的生态系统边界很容易定义，(d) 存在各种标准方法可以量化湖泊补贴及其对生态群落和生态系统功能的影响。我们强调了北极和高山系统之间的相似之处和差异，并确定了当前需要通过未来工作解决的知识空白。了解湖泊及其环境之间养分和物质流动的动态对于提高我们预测生态系统对持续环境变化的反应的能力非常重要。
