Special Hospital for Medical Rehabilitation Krapinske Toplice, Krapinske Toplice, Croatia.
Psychiatr Danub. 2019 Dec;31(Suppl 5):774-780.
Electromyography (EMG) and nerve conduction studies (NCS) are an unpleasant and sometimes painful examinations. Pain can reduce patient's compliance and have a negative effect on the examination results. Different studies report that music affects pain perception by acting as a distractor, by inducing positive emotional valence or through the concept of convergence of different sensory modalities. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of music and different environmental and sociodemographic factors on pain perception during EMG and NCS.
Sixty patients with suspected neuromuscular disease were randomized into music and control group. Specific questionnaire assessed sociodemographic characteristics, medical history, examination waiting time, examination extent and biometeorological forecast. The numerical rating scale was used for the evaluation of pain. The examiner evaluated patient's compliance after the examination.
NCS was less painful for patients in the music group (p=0.03), as well as for more cooperative patients (p=0.011). For patients who previously underwent EMG/NCS, present NCS was more painful (p=0.001), regardless of the music intervention (p=0.019). EMG was more painful for older patients (p=0.041). Patients with lower level of education reported lower pain during NCS (p=0.026). Gender, financial satisfaction, biometeorological forecast, diabetes, depression or malignant disease, use and dosing of analgesics or antidepressants, symptoms, examination waiting time and the examination extent had no effect on pain perception.
Music significantly decreased the perception of pain associated with NCS, but not the EMG portion of the examination. During EMG pain level was not significantly reduced, but the median of pain was still lower. Generally, the pain level during NCS, unlike the one during EMG, was affected by patients' compliance, level of education and painful predetermination. We propose using music during EMG/NCS because it can make the examination more comfortable for the patient and thus contribute to better quality of this examination.
肌电图（EMG）和神经传导研究（NCS）是一种令人不快且有时疼痛的检查。疼痛会降低患者的配合度，并对检查结果产生负面影响。不同的研究表明，音乐通过充当分心物、诱导积极的情绪效价或通过不同感觉模式的融合概念来影响疼痛感知。本研究旨在探讨音乐以及不同的环境和社会人口因素对 EMG 和 NCS 期间疼痛感知的影响。
60 名疑似神经肌肉疾病的患者被随机分为音乐组和对照组。特定的问卷评估了社会人口特征、病史、检查等待时间、检查范围和生物气象预报。使用数字评分量表评估疼痛。检查后，检查者评估患者的配合度。
音乐组患者的 NCS 疼痛程度较低（p=0.03），配合度较高的患者疼痛程度也较低（p=0.011）。对于之前接受过 EMG/NCS 的患者，无论是否进行音乐干预，当前的 NCS 都更痛（p=0.001）。EMG 对年龄较大的患者更痛（p=0.041）。受教育程度较低的患者在 NCS 期间报告的疼痛程度较低（p=0.026）。性别、财务满意度、生物气象预报、糖尿病、抑郁或恶性疾病、使用和剂量的镇痛药或抗抑郁药、症状、检查等待时间和检查范围对疼痛感知没有影响。
音乐显著降低了与 NCS 相关的疼痛感知，但对检查的 EMG 部分没有影响。在 EMG 过程中，疼痛水平没有显著降低，但疼痛中位数仍较低。一般来说，与 EMG 不同，NCS 期间的疼痛水平受到患者的配合度、受教育程度和疼痛预先确定的影响。我们建议在 EMG/NCS 期间使用音乐，因为它可以使患者的检查更加舒适，从而提高检查的质量。
