Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura - 281406, India.
Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida - 202301, India.
Curr Pharm Des. 2020;26(12):1331-1344. doi: 10.2174/1381612826666200311131658.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative brain problem and responsible for causing dementia in aged people. AD has become most common neurological disease in the elderly population worldwide and its treatment remains still challengeable. Therefore, there is a need of an efficient drug delivery system which can deliver the drug to the target site. Nasal drug delivery has been used since prehistoric times for the treatment of neurological disorders like Alzheimer's disease (AD). For delivering drug to the brain, blood brain barrier (BBB) is a major rate limiting factor for the drugs. The desired drug concentration could not be achieved through the conventional drug delivery system. Thus, nanocarrier based drug delivery systems are promising for delivering drug to brain. Nasal route is a most convenient for targeting drug to the brain. Several factors and mechanisms need to be considered for an effective delivery of drug to the brain particularly AD. Various nanoparticlized systems such as nanoparticles, liposomes, exosomes, phytosomes, nanoemulsion, nanosphere, etc. have been recognized as an effective drug delivery system for the management of AD. These nanocarriers have been proven with improved permeability as well as bioavailability of the anti-Alzheimer's drugs. Some novel drug delivery systems of anti-Alzheimer drugs are under investigation of different phase of clinical trials. Present article highlights on the nanotechnology based intranasal drug delivery system for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Furthermore, consequences of AD, transportation mechanism, clinical updates and recent patents on nose to brain delivery for AD have been discussed.
阿尔茨海默病（AD）是一种神经退行性脑问题，导致老年人痴呆。AD 已成为全球老年人中最常见的神经退行性疾病，其治疗仍然具有挑战性。因此，需要一种有效的药物传递系统，将药物递送到靶位。鼻内给药自史前时代以来就一直用于治疗阿尔茨海默病（AD）等神经疾病。为了将药物递送到大脑，血脑屏障（BBB）是药物的主要限速因素。通过常规药物递送系统无法达到所需的药物浓度。因此，基于纳米载体的药物递送系统有望将药物递送到大脑。鼻腔途径是将药物靶向大脑的最方便途径。需要考虑多种因素和机制，才能有效地将药物递送到大脑，特别是针对 AD。各种纳米粒子系统，如纳米粒子、脂质体、外泌体、植物素、纳米乳剂、纳米球等，已被认为是管理 AD 的有效药物递送系统。这些纳米载体已被证明可提高抗阿尔茨海默病药物的通透性和生物利用度。一些新型抗阿尔茨海默病药物的药物递送系统正在不同的临床试验阶段进行研究。本文重点介绍了基于纳米技术的鼻内药物递送系统治疗阿尔茨海默病。此外，还讨论了 AD 的后果、转运机制、临床更新以及针对 AD 的鼻腔至大脑递药的最新专利。
