Santarcangelo S, Dyer K
May Institute, Chatham, MA 02633.
J Exp Child Psychol. 1988 Dec;46(3):406-18. doi: 10.1016/0022-0965(88)90069-0.
This study was conducted to examine the effectiveness of using voice tones (prosody) typical of "motherese" (O. K. Garnica, 1977, in C. E. Snow & C. A. Ferguson (Eds.), Talking to Children: Language Input and Acquisition, pp. 63-88, Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press) on responsiveness and eye gaze in children with severe handicaps. Specifically, two conditions, "motherese" and "conversational" voice tones, were compared. The current study presents data from naturalistic observations of six children, and controlled experimental manipulations with four children. The results of the naturalistic observations in Study 1 suggested a positive relationship between the use of voice tones typical of "motherese" and responsiveness and eye gaze. Further analysis using an alternating treatments design in Study 2 revealed similar results. Specifically, the use of prosody associated with "motherese" showed increased levels of eye gaze when compared to the use of "conversational tones." The results suggest the importance of considering normal development in analyzing social and teaching interactions between teachers and severely handicapped children.
本研究旨在考察使用具有“妈妈语”（O.K. 加尼卡，1977年，载于C.E. 斯诺与C.A. 弗格森编著的《与儿童交谈：语言输入与习得》，第63 - 88页，剑桥：剑桥大学出版社）典型特征的语调（韵律）对重度残疾儿童反应性和目光注视的影响。具体而言，对“妈妈语”和“对话式”语调这两种情况进行了比较。本研究呈现了对六名儿童进行自然观察的数据，以及对四名儿童进行的对照实验操作的数据。研究1中自然观察的结果表明，使用具有“妈妈语”典型特征的语调与反应性和目光注视之间存在正相关关系。在研究2中使用交替治疗设计进行的进一步分析得出了类似结果。具体而言，与使用“对话式语调”相比，与“妈妈语”相关的韵律使用使目光注视水平有所提高。研究结果表明，在分析教师与重度残疾儿童之间的社交和教学互动时，考虑正常发育情况具有重要意义。
