Department of Biology, Loyola University Maryland, Baltimore, MD.
Forensic Studies Program, Loyola University Maryland, Baltimore, MD.
J Med Entomol. 2020 Sep 7;57(5):1399-1406. doi: 10.1093/jme/tjaa052.
Despite the fact that necrophagous flies are known to alter bloodstains and create unique artifacts, no research has occurred to date that has examined the characteristics of insect stains on textiles or fabrics. This study represents the first effort to characterize artifacts produced by adult Calliphora vicina Robineau-Desvoidy deposited on a range of shirt fabrics that varied in type, color, orientation, and yarn tension. In general, artifact morphology on any type of fabric was distorted in comparison to those observed on smooth and/or nonporous surfaces in previous studies. Consequently, distinction of artifact type could only be made broadly as digestive artifacts and transfer patterns, in which the latter was predominantly detected as tarsal tracks. None of the artifacts displayed satellite stains typical of human bloodstains found on textiles. Wicking was evident on all fabrics but was most pronounced with dri wick and jersey knit polyester in comparison to cotton knit. Digestive artifacts on any colored fabric, but especially with green and yellow shirt samples, resembled the reported color, size, and morphology of bloodstains generated in laboratory studies on a range of fabrics. Unique digestive artifacts were also detected as small, black, and nearly spherical. These defecatory stains did not appear to wet or wick into any of the fabrics. Digestive artifacts and tarsal tracks differentially interacted with front face stitch loops of clothing fabrics to yield distinct stain patterns. The implications of these observations in reference to bloodstain pattern analysis at crime scenes are discussed.
尽管已发现食尸性蝇类会改变血迹并产生独特的痕迹，但迄今为止，尚无研究检查过昆虫在纺织品或织物上留下的痕迹的特征。本研究首次对一系列衬衫织物上成年丽蝇（Calliphora vicina Robineau-Desvoidy）留下的痕迹进行了特征描述，这些织物在类型、颜色、方向和纱线张力上存在差异。总的来说，与之前研究中观察到的光滑和/或无孔表面相比，任何类型织物上的痕迹形态都发生了扭曲。因此，只能大致区分痕迹类型，即消化痕迹和转移模式，其中后者主要表现为跗节痕迹。没有任何痕迹显示出在纺织品上发现的典型人类血迹的卫星痕迹。所有织物都有虹吸现象，但与棉针织相比，干虹吸和针织聚酯的虹吸现象更为明显。任何有色织物上的消化痕迹，尤其是绿色和黄色衬衫样本，都与在各种织物上进行的实验室研究中报告的血迹的颜色、大小和形态相似。还检测到独特的消化痕迹，它们呈小、黑色且几乎呈球形。这些排泄物痕迹似乎不会浸湿或虹吸到任何织物中。消化痕迹和跗节痕迹与衣物织物的正面缝线环以不同的方式相互作用，产生独特的痕迹模式。讨论了这些观察结果对犯罪现场血迹模式分析的影响。
