Toxicity of alumina nanoparticles in the immune system of mice.

Alumina nanoparticles (AlNPs) exert toxic effects in several organs. This study aimed to investigate the toxicity of AlNPs to the immune system. AlNPs distribution was assessed using CRi fluorescence imaging. Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry was used to detect the content of aluminum in the spleen. Cytokines expression was detected in the immune organs and blood of mice. AlNPs can accumulate in mice spleen. Superoxide dismutase and glutathione levels decreased, whereas the level of malondialdehyde increased with decreasing particle size. AlNPs exposure caused cytokine level changes in the spleen, thymus and serum, besides causing damage to immune organs and dysfunction of immune cells, leading to abnormal immune-related cytokine expression.