Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tirana, Boulv. "Zogu I', 25/1, Tirana, Albania.
Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tirana, Boulv. "Zogu I', 25/1, Tirana, Albania.
Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol. 2020 May;231:108739. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2020.108739. Epub 2020 Mar 10.
Effects of natural stressors such as copper (Cu), temperature, hypoxia, chloroform and adrenaline on physiological and biochemical responses were investigated in the Mediterranean green crab Carcinus aestuarii from tidal shallow waters of Narta Lagoon, Albania. For this purpose, hemolymph glucose levels, total and differential hemocyte count, in normal and eye-stalked individuals, exposed to above mentioned stressors like, were assessed. In addition, lysosomal membrane stability was evaluated as biomarker of hemocyte toxicity, with possible implications on crab immune response. Hemolymph glucose levels were significantly increased in all treatment groups with 1.25-to 3.5-fold above baseline levels of 37.8 ± 2.7 mgdL. Response times were being manifested within 30-120 min following exposure and recovery happened within 2 h of restoration of pretreatment conditions. Total hemocyte count (THC) and differential hemocyte count (DCH) showed a significant decrease for all stressors, except for copper, were an increase of semi-granular hemocyte fraction were recorded. Meanwhile, significant reduction of neutral red retention time (NRRT), in both eyestalk-ablated and exposed animals, were recorded, indicated the loss of hemocyte lysosomal membrane integrity. The responsiveness of hemolymph blood levels to all stressors, the decrease in total hemocyte count, as well as the loss of lysosomal membrane integrity demonstrated that exposure to environmentally realistic stressors placed a heavy metabolic load on C. aestuarii, modulating their immune competence and overall physiological wellness. Overall, results suggest that monitoring cellular and biochemical parameters like hemolymph glucose titres, TCH, DHC and NRRT, may be useful and sensitive means of evaluating the crustacean's ability to cope with the wide variety of environmental stressors through modulation of the immune parameters.
本研究旨在探讨铜（Cu）、温度、缺氧、氯仿和肾上腺素等自然胁迫因子对潮汐浅水区的阿尔巴尼亚那尔塔泻湖中的滨蟹（Carcinus aestuarii）的生理和生化反应的影响。为此，评估了正常和眼柄切除个体暴露于上述胁迫因子后血淋巴中葡萄糖水平、总血淋巴和差异血淋巴计数，同时评估了溶酶体膜稳定性作为血细胞毒性的生物标志物，这可能对蟹的免疫反应产生影响。
所有处理组的血淋巴葡萄糖水平均显著升高，均比 37.8±2.7 mg/dL 的基线水平高出 1.25-3.5 倍。暴露后 30-120 分钟内出现反应时间，在恢复预处理条件后的 2 小时内恢复。除铜外，所有胁迫因子均导致总血淋巴计数（THC）和差异血淋巴计数（DCH）显著下降，同时记录到半颗粒状血细胞比例增加。同时，在眼柄切除和暴露的动物中，中性红保留时间（NRRT）均显著缩短，表明血细胞溶酶体膜完整性丧失。
血淋巴血液对所有胁迫因子的反应性、总血淋巴计数的下降以及溶酶体膜完整性的丧失表明，暴露于现实环境胁迫因子会对滨蟹造成沉重的代谢负担，从而调节其免疫能力和整体生理健康。
综上所述，监测血淋巴葡萄糖水平、TCH、DHC 和 NRRT 等细胞和生化参数可能是评估甲壳类动物通过调节免疫参数应对各种环境胁迫因子能力的有用且敏感的方法。
