Wood John N, Iseppon Federico
Molecular Nociception Group, Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London, UK.
Brain Neurosci Adv. 2018 Nov 13;2:2398212818810684. doi: 10.1177/2398212818810684. eCollection 2018 Jan-Dec.
In 2000, with the completion of the human genome project, nine related channels were found to comprise the complete voltage-gated sodium gene family and they were renamed Na1.1-Na1.9. This millennial event reflected the extraordinary impact of molecular genetics on our understanding of electrical signalling in the nervous system. In this review, studies of animal electricity from the time of Galvani to the present day are described. The seminal experiments and models of Hodgkin and Huxley coupled with the discovery of the structure of DNA, the genetic code and the application of molecular genetics have resulted in an appreciation of the extraordinary diversity of sodium channels and their surprisingly broad repertoire of functions. In the present era, unsuspected roles for sodium channels in a huge range of pathologies have become apparent.
2000年，随着人类基因组计划的完成，发现九个相关通道构成了完整的电压门控钠基因家族，并将它们重新命名为Na1.1 - Na1.9。这一千年大事反映了分子遗传学对我们理解神经系统电信号的非凡影响。在这篇综述中，描述了从伽伐尼时代至今的动物电研究。霍奇金和赫胥黎的开创性实验及模型，再加上DNA结构、遗传密码的发现以及分子遗传学的应用，使人们认识到钠通道的非凡多样性及其令人惊讶的广泛功能。在当今时代，钠通道在众多疾病中意想不到的作用已变得明显。
