Urology Department, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz/Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
Vascular Surgery Department, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz/Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
Curr Urol Rep. 2020 Mar 13;21(2):10. doi: 10.1007/s11934-020-0961-x.
To evaluate the utility of cadaveric models for kidney transplant (KT) surgery training.
Medline® and PubMed® databases were searched for English and Spanish language articles published describing different learning models used in KT formation. We evaluated the use of cadavers preserved by Thiel's embalming method (TEM) as KT simulation models. Students were divided in groups of 4 people: four trainees mentored by an expert in KT surgery. Among the trainees were surgical residents and low-experience surgeons. A total of 39 TEM preserved bodies were used, of which 75 viable renal grafts were obtained. In each cadaver, two complete transplantation processes were performed, each consisting of en bloc nephrectomy with the trunk of aorta and inferior vena cava, bench surgery and perfusion with saline of the organ, and KT surgery. As with any surgical procedure, learning KT surgery is a stepwise process that requires years of dedication. The models available for the surgical simulation of KT surgery allow to practice and achieve dexterity in performing the procedure in a safe and reproducible way. Training on TEM-preserved corpses offers a highly realistic model for the surgical simulation of KT surgery.
评估尸体模型在肾移植（KT）手术培训中的应用。
在 Medline® 和 PubMed® 数据库中搜索了用英语和西班牙语描述 KT 形成中使用的不同学习模型的文章。我们评估了使用经蒂尔（Thiel）防腐处理法（TEM）保存的尸体作为 KT 模拟模型。学生分成 4 人一组：由 KT 手术专家指导的 4 名学员。学员中有外科住院医师和经验较少的外科医生。共使用了 39 具 TEM 保存的尸体，其中获得了 75 个可存活的肾移植物。在每具尸体中，都进行了两次完整的移植过程，每次过程都包括整块肾切除术、主动脉和下腔静脉干、台上台下手术以及器官的盐水灌注，最后进行 KT 手术。与任何外科手术一样，学习 KT 手术是一个需要多年投入的逐步过程。可用于 KT 手术外科模拟的模型允许以安全且可重复的方式进行练习并实现该手术的熟练程度。在 TEM 保存的尸体上进行培训为 KT 手术的外科模拟提供了一个非常逼真的模型。
