Centro de Estudos da Saúde do Trabalhador e Ecologia Humana, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
J Appl Toxicol. 2020 Sep;40(9):1183-1197. doi: 10.1002/jat.3965. Epub 2020 Mar 12.
With regards to health, chromium (Cr) is an ambiguous chemical element. Although it is considered to be an important micronutrient, it also is connected with several pathologies, including carcinogenicity. The mechanism of action of Cr and its compounds in humans is not yet fully understood. Currently, three possible mechanisms have been proposed for carcinogenesis: Cr(VI)-induced multistage carcinogenesis, genomic instability, and epigenetic modification. Therefore, in addition to the toxicity of this metal and its ions, human susceptibility to Cr-induced pathologies depends on external factors and individual characteristics, such as enzymatic polymorphisms, carriers, endogenous reducing system, adduct formation and stability, and efficiency of DNA repair mechanisms, among other factors. In fact, the variability of individual molecular constitutive factors, such as individual polymorphisms, creates an individualized environment for Cr toxicity. This mini-review contemplates the essential variables in this process.
关于健康，铬（Cr）是一种有争议的化学元素。尽管它被认为是一种重要的微量元素，但它也与多种疾病有关，包括致癌性。铬及其化合物在人体内的作用机制尚未完全阐明。目前，已经提出了三种可能的致癌机制：Cr(VI)-诱导的多阶段致癌作用、基因组不稳定性和表观遗传修饰。因此，除了这种金属及其离子的毒性外，人类对铬诱导的疾病的易感性还取决于外部因素和个体特征，如酶的多态性、载体、内源性还原系统、加合物的形成和稳定性以及 DNA 修复机制的效率等因素。事实上，个体分子组成因素的可变性，如个体多态性，为铬毒性创造了一个个体化的环境。这篇微型综述考虑了这个过程中的基本变量。
