Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil.
Division of Comprehensive Oral Health - Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
J Periodontal Res. 2020 Aug;55(4):559-566. doi: 10.1111/jre.12743. Epub 2020 Mar 13.
To assess the association between weight status and gingivitis in a representative sample of 12-year-old schoolchildren from South Brazil.
An association between obesity and gingivitis in children and adolescents has been observed; however, the present evidence has major limitations.
A cross-sectional study was conducted in Porto Alegre, South Brazil, from September 2009 to December 2010 and included a representative sample of 1528 12-year-old schoolchildren attending public and private schools. Data collection included the application of a questionnaire, recording of anthropometric measures (weight and height), and clinical examination (gingival bleeding index, recorded in four sites per tooth). The outcome of the study was the prevalence of gingivitis, defined as the proportion of schoolchildren presenting ≥52% of bleeding sites (based on the median). Weight status was categorized according to body mass index into normal, overweight, or obese. The association between predictor variables and gingivitis prevalence was assessed using Poisson regression models. Unadjusted and adjusted prevalence ratios (PR) and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated.
Gingivitis prevalence was 48.7% (95% IC = 33.8-63.6) and, on average, schoolchildren presented 51.8% (95% IC = 46.2-57.5) of bleeding sites. Obese individuals had 13% higher prevalence for presenting gingivitis than did normal-weight ones (PR = 1.13, 95% CI = 1.09-1.18, P < .001). The stratified analysis showed that this association was sex-specific: Obese girls presented a greater chance of having gingivitis (adjusted PR = 1.21, 95% CI = 1.09-1.34, P < .001), but such association was not observed among boys (PR = 1.07, 95% CI = 0.95-1.20, P = .29).
This study showed sex differences in the association between obesity and gingivitis among 12-year-old South Brazilian schoolchildren.
在南巴西南部的 12 岁儿童样本中，评估体重状况与牙龈炎之间的关联。
肥胖与儿童和青少年牙龈炎之间存在关联，但目前的证据存在重大局限性。
本横断面研究于 2009 年 9 月至 2010 年 12 月在巴西南部的阿雷格里港进行，纳入了来自公立和私立学校的 1528 名 12 岁儿童的代表性样本。数据收集包括问卷调查、记录体重和身高的人体测量指标以及临床检查（记录每颗牙齿四个部位的牙龈出血指数）。研究的结果是牙龈炎的患病率，定义为出现≥52%出血部位的儿童比例（基于中位数）。体重状况根据体重指数分为正常、超重或肥胖。使用泊松回归模型评估预测变量与牙龈炎患病率之间的关联。未调整和调整后的患病率比（PR）及其 95%置信区间（95%CI）。
牙龈炎的患病率为 48.7%（95%CI=33.8-63.6），平均而言，儿童的出血部位为 51.8%（95%CI=46.2-57.5）。与体重正常的儿童相比，肥胖儿童患牙龈炎的比例高出 13%（PR=1.13，95%CI=1.09-1.18，P<.001）。分层分析表明，这种关联具有性别特异性：肥胖女孩患牙龈炎的几率更高（调整后的 PR=1.21，95%CI=1.09-1.34，P<.001），但男孩中未观察到这种关联（PR=1.07，95%CI=0.95-1.20，P=0.29）。
本研究表明，在南巴西南部 12 岁儿童中，肥胖与牙龈炎之间的关联存在性别差异。
