Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Mazandaran, Iran.
Young Researchers and Elites Club, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
Chemosphere. 2020 Jul;251:126397. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126397. Epub 2020 Mar 6.
Coral reefs are challenged by multiple stressors due to the growing industrialization. Despite that, data on their environment are still scarce, and no research is yet performed on polybrominated diphenyl ethers in the Persian Gulf area. Seeking to fill in this gap, the present study aims to determine spatio-vertical distributions, source apportionment and ecological risk of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in the sediment cores and seawater samples from ten coral reef Islands in the Persian Gulf, Iran. ΣPBDEs concentrations ranged from 0.42 ± 0.04 to 47.14 ± 1.35 ng g dw in sediments, and from 1.17 ± 0.06 to 7.21 ± 1.13 ng L in seawater. The vertical polybrominated diphenyl ethers distribution varied significantly among the sampling stations and different depths with a decreasing trend towards the surface and peaks around 12-20 cm. Both in the seawater and sediment samples, elevated polybrominated diphenyl ethers loadings were observed in highly industrialized areas. Deca-bromodiphenyl ether-209 was the predominant congener along the sediment cores, whereas Tetra-bromodiphenyl ether-47 and Penta-bromodiphenyl ether-100 dominated in seawater samples. Commercial Deca-bromodiphenyl ether mixture was found to be the major source of polybrominated diphenyl ethers. Penta-bromodiphenyl ether was revealed to be the major ecological risk driver in the study area: it posed medium to high-risk quotient to sediment dwelling organisms. This study indicated that coral reefs are playing an important role in retaining polybrominated diphenyl ethers and highlighted the need to manage polybrominated diphenyl ethers contamination in the coral reef environment.
由于工业化的发展，珊瑚礁受到多种压力因素的挑战。尽管如此，关于它们环境的数据仍然很少，而且在波斯湾地区还没有关于多溴二苯醚的研究。为了填补这一空白，本研究旨在确定伊朗波斯湾 10 个珊瑚礁岛屿的沉积物和海水中多溴二苯醚的时空垂直分布、来源分配和生态风险。ΣPBDEs 浓度在沉积物中的范围为 0.42±0.04 至 47.14±1.35ng/g dw，在海水中的范围为 1.17±0.06 至 7.21±1.13ng/L。不同站位和不同深度的多溴二苯醚垂直分布差异显著，呈表层向下逐渐减少的趋势，在 12-20cm 处出现峰值。在海水和沉积物样本中，高工业化地区的多溴二苯醚负荷较高。在沉积物芯中，十溴二苯醚-209 是主要的同系物，而四溴二苯醚-47 和五溴二苯醚-100 则在海水样本中占主导地位。商用十溴二苯醚混合物被认为是多溴二苯醚的主要来源。五溴二苯醚是研究区域的主要生态风险驱动因素：它对沉积物生物构成中、高风险系数。本研究表明，珊瑚礁在保留多溴二苯醚方面发挥着重要作用，并强调需要管理珊瑚礁环境中的多溴二苯醚污染。
