Finger joint denervation in hand osteoarthritis: Indications, surgical techniques and outcomes. A systematic review of published cases.

In cases of osteoarthritis with preserved motion, joint denervation can be an effective alternative to arthroplasty or arthrodesis to reduce joint-related pain. Although denervation is a standardized procedure for wrist osteoarthritis, it is used sparingly for finger joints. We conducted a systematic review to summarize reported cases of finger joint denervation in hand osteoarthritis with a specific focus on surgical procedures and postoperative outcomes. PubMed, Cochrane and Science Direct databases were searched from 1998 to 2019 and 13 relevant articles were selected. Three hundred and twenty-five denervations were conducted on 291 patients. Distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint denervation was performed through a dorsal approach; 83% of patients were satisfied with the surgery and complications occurred in 58%. Proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint denervation was performed through a palmar approach; 90% of patients were satisfied with the surgery; complications were observed in 14%. Good results were observed in 95% of patients who underwent metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint denervation; complications were observed in 26%; denervation was carried out with dorsal and palmar approaches in all cases. Denervation of the trapeziometacarpal (TMC) joint was achieved through the Wagner approach (61%), multiple incisions (26%), or dorsal approach (13%); satisfaction rate was 91%, with a 6% complication rate. Finger joint denervation in hand osteoarthritis is a simple and effective procedure, providing satisfactory pain relief. Good results are reported in all studies, especially for PIP and TMC joint denervation. Further investigations should be conducted on DIP and MCP joint denervation.