School of Psychology, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia.
Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
Clin Psychol Rev. 2020 Apr;77:101840. doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2020.101840. Epub 2020 Mar 4.
Impulsivity contributes to poor outcomes of existing childhood obesity treatments. Conceptualised within dual-process models, this self-regulation failure reflects the operation of strong automatic processing (heightened food responsivity) and/or weak regulatory processing (poor self-control). This systematic literature review examined the evidence for the self-regulation failure hypothesis from a dual-process models perspective to evaluate its potential for enhancing childhood obesity treatment. Searches were conducted from six databases. Eligibility criteria included: (1) recruited a child or adolescent sample; (2) measured or manipulated one or more automatic and/or regulatory processes (attentional bias, approach bias, working memory, inhibitory control, executive function); (3) used a cross-sectional, longitudinal or experimental design; and (4) included a primary outcome measure that was eating/weight related and/or pertained to the underlying process(es). The search identified 147 eligible studies. Despite methodological variations and inconsistent findings across studies, evidence points to a stronger impact of automatic processes and in particular a reduced capacity for regulatory processing in youngsters with overweight/obesity. Emerging evidence suggests that these processes can be altered by targeted training to curtail food intake and associated weight gain. An intervention protocol based on the dual-process framework has the potential to enhance current childhood obesity treatments. Recommendations for future research are provided.
冲动性会导致现有的儿童肥胖治疗效果不佳。从双加工模型的角度来看，这种自我调节失败反映了强自动加工（增强食物反应性）和/或弱调节加工（自我控制能力差）的运作。本系统文献综述从双加工模型的角度考察了自我调节失败假说的证据，以评估其增强儿童肥胖治疗的潜力。从六个数据库中进行了搜索。入选标准包括：（1）招募儿童或青少年样本；（2）测量或操纵一个或多个自动和/或调节过程（注意偏差、接近偏差、工作记忆、抑制控制、执行功能）；（3）采用横断面、纵向或实验设计；（4）包括与饮食/体重相关的主要结果测量指标，或与潜在过程相关的主要结果测量指标。搜索共确定了 147 项符合条件的研究。尽管研究之间存在方法学差异和不一致的发现，但有证据表明，超重/肥胖青少年的自动加工过程影响更大，特别是调节加工能力降低。新出现的证据表明，这些过程可以通过有针对性的训练来改变，以减少食物摄入和相关的体重增加。基于双加工框架的干预方案有可能增强现有的儿童肥胖治疗方法。为未来的研究提供了建议。
