Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdańsk, Piłsudski 46 Alley, 81-378, Gdynia, Poland.
Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdańsk, Piłsudski 46 Alley, 81-378, Gdynia, Poland.
Environ Res. 2020 May;184:109355. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109355. Epub 2020 Mar 8.
Mercury (Hg) is recognized as a global pollutant, which can be transported to the sea by suspended particulate matter (SPM) via rivers constituting the main source of mercury in the southern Baltic sea. The aim of the present study was to characterize the mercury fractions in suspended particulate matter, as well as the transformations of Hg during its riverine transportation into the sea. The thermo-desorption method was used to determine the labile and stable mercury fractions in SPM of rivers (Reda, Zagórska Struga, Gizdepka, Płutnica) within the Baltic Sea basin. In this paper six "periods" were designated (heating, non-heating, drought, rains, downpour/flood and thaws), during which the river suspended particulate matter was enriched with various fractions of mercury. Meteorological and hydrological phenomena such as downpours and thaws intensified surface runoff, causing an increase in the share of Hg and Hg mercury fractions in suspended particulate matter. Whereas, droughts contributed to the formation of HgS in a large river and to an inflow of adsorbed Hg in smaller rivers decrease of air temperature leads to increase of fossil fuel combustion and then increases the share of adsorbed Hg (mainly bound with halides) in riverine particulate matter. In the non-heating season, the main fraction was the mercury absorbed inside organic matter.
汞（Hg）被认为是一种全球性污染物，它可以通过悬浮颗粒物（SPM）经由河流输送到海洋，而河流是波罗的海南部海汞的主要来源。本研究的目的是描述悬浮颗粒物中汞的形态以及汞在其从河流向海洋输送过程中的转化。采用热脱附法测定了波罗的海流域内的河流（雷达河、扎戈尔斯卡河、吉泽普卡河和普卢特尼察河）悬浮颗粒物中的活性和稳定汞形态。本文指定了六个“时期”（加热期、非加热期、干旱期、降雨期、暴雨/洪水期和融雪期），在此期间，河流悬浮颗粒物中富含各种形态的汞。暴雨和融雪等气象和水文现象加剧了地表径流，导致 Hg 和 Hg 汞形态在悬浮颗粒物中的份额增加。而干旱期则导致大河流中形成 HgS，并使小河流中吸附态 Hg 的流入减少。气温降低会导致化石燃料燃烧增加，从而增加河流颗粒物质中吸附态 Hg（主要与卤化物结合）的份额。在非加热季节，主要形态是被有机物质吸附的汞。
