超越代谢：免疫系统在肝毒性中的作用。
Beyond Metabolism: Role of the Immune System in Hepatic Toxicity.
机构信息
Hastings Toxicology Consulting LLC, Mt Airy, MD, USA.
US FDA, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
出版信息
Int J Toxicol. 2020 Mar/Apr;39(2):151-164. doi: 10.1177/1091581819898399.
The liver is primarily thought of as a metabolic organ; however, the liver is also an important mediator of immunological functions. Key perspectives on this emerging topic were presented in a symposium at the 2018 annual meeting of the American College of Toxicology entitled "Beyond metabolism: Role of the immune system in hepatic toxicity." Viral hepatitis is an important disease of the liver for which insufficient preventive vaccines exist. Host immune responses inadequately clear these viruses and often potentiate immunological inflammation that damages the liver. In addition, the liver is a key innate immune organ against bacterial infection. Hepatocytes and immune cells cooperatively control systemic and local bacterial infections. Conversely, bacterial infection can activate multiple types of immune cells and pathways to cause hepatocyte damage and liver injury. Finally, the immune system and specifically cytokines and drugs can interact in idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury. This rare disease can result in a disease spectrum that ranges from mild to acute liver failure. The immune system plays a role in this disease spectrum.
肝脏主要被认为是一个代谢器官；然而，肝脏也是免疫功能的重要调节剂。在 2018 年美国毒理学学会年会上题为“超越代谢：免疫系统在肝毒性中的作用”的专题讨论会上提出了这一新兴主题的关键观点。病毒性肝炎是一种重要的肝脏疾病，但目前预防疫苗不足。宿主免疫反应不能充分清除这些病毒，往往会加剧免疫炎症，从而损害肝脏。此外，肝脏是对抗细菌感染的关键先天免疫器官。肝细胞和免疫细胞协同控制全身和局部细菌感染。相反，细菌感染可以激活多种类型的免疫细胞和途径，导致肝细胞损伤和肝损伤。最后，免疫系统，特别是细胞因子和药物，可以在特发性药物性肝损伤中相互作用。这种罕见的疾病可能导致从轻度到急性肝衰竭的疾病谱。免疫系统在这一疾病谱中发挥作用。
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