Department of Chemistry, Higher Polytechnic School, University of Burgos, Av Cantabria s/n, 09006, Burgos, Spain.
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Burgos, Pz Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001, Burgos, Spain.
J Environ Manage. 2020 Jun 1;263:110396. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110396. Epub 2020 Mar 11.
Excitation-emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy has been applied to characterize several urban and industrial wastewaters (effluents from different types of industries: brewery, winery, dairy, biscuit, tinned fish industry, slaughterhouse, pulp mill, textile dyeing and landfill leachates), searching for specific fluorescence fingerprints. Tryptophan protein-like peaks (T and T) are the predominant fluorescence in urban and food industry wastewaters (brewery, winery, dairy/milk, biscuit and fish farm industries) but no special fingerprint has been found to discriminate among them. Protein-like fluorescence also dominates the spectra of meat/fish industries (effluents from a tinned fish industry and a slaughterhouse), but in this case tyrosine protein-like peaks (B and B2) also appear in the spectra in addition to tryptophan-like peaks. This fact might constitute a specific feature to differentiate these wastewaters from others, since the appearance of peaks B is quite uncommon in wastewaters. The textile dyeing effluent shows a characteristic triple humic-like fluorescence (peaks A, C and C) that may represent a specific fingerprint for this kind of effluent. Leachates from medium-aged and old landfills might also show a specific fingerprint in their EEM spectra: the sole presence of the humic-like peak C with very high fluorescence intensity. This feature also allows differentiating them from young landfill leachates, which show predominance of protein-like peaks. The fluorescence index (FI) does not seem to be very appropriate to characterize wastewaters and its usefulness might be limited to the study of humic substances in natural waters, although further studies are needed on this topic. However, the humification index (HIX) and the biological index (BIX) do seem to be useful for studying wastewaters, since they have provided consistent results in the present work. This study shows the potential of EEM fluorescence to identify the origin of some industrial effluents, although more research is needed to check these preliminary results.
激发-发射矩阵（EEM）荧光光谱已被应用于表征几种城市和工业废水（来自不同类型工业的废水：啤酒厂、酿酒厂、乳制品、饼干、罐头鱼工业、屠宰场、纸浆厂、纺织染色和垃圾填埋渗滤液），以寻找特定的荧光指纹。色氨酸蛋白样峰（T 和 T）是城市和食品工业废水中主要的荧光（啤酒厂、酿酒厂、乳制品/牛奶、饼干和鱼类养殖工业），但没有发现特殊的指纹来区分它们。蛋白质样荧光也主导着肉类/鱼类工业（来自罐头鱼工业和屠宰场的废水）的光谱，但在这种情况下，酪氨酸蛋白样峰（B 和 B2）也出现在光谱中，除了色氨酸样峰。这一事实可能构成区分这些废水与其他废水的一个特定特征，因为峰 B 的出现在废水中相当罕见。纺织染色废水显示出特征性的三重腐殖质样荧光（峰 A、C 和 C），这可能代表这种废水的特定指纹。中龄和老龄垃圾填埋场的渗滤液也可能在其 EEM 光谱中显示出特定的指纹：仅存在具有非常高荧光强度的腐殖质样峰 C。这一特征也使它们能够与具有蛋白质样峰优势的年轻垃圾填埋渗滤液区分开来。荧光指数（FI）似乎不太适合表征废水，其用途可能仅限于研究天然水中的腐殖物质，尽管在这一主题上还需要进一步的研究。然而，腐殖化指数（HIX）和生物指数（BIX）似乎对研究废水有用，因为它们在本工作中提供了一致的结果。这项研究表明了 EEM 荧光在识别一些工业废水来源方面的潜力，尽管还需要进一步的研究来验证这些初步结果。
