Rastogi Pulkit, Sachdeva Man Updesh Singh
1Department of Histopathology, Level 5, Research Block A, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Sector 12, Chandigarh, 160012 India.
2Department of Hematology, Level 5, Research Block A, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Sector 12, Chandigarh, 160012 India.
Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus. 2020 Jan;36(1):3-15. doi: 10.1007/s12288-019-01118-5. Epub 2019 Apr 2.
Minimal residual disease (MRD) analysis for patients of acute leukemia has evolved as a significant prognostic factor. Based on the MRD results, the cases are risk-stratified after induction chemotherapy, and an alteration in further management is made to yield maximal therapeutic benefits. The two primary methodologies for MRD detection are multi-parameter flow cytometry (MFC) and polymerase chain reaction. MFC identifies the MRD based on characteristic 'leukemia-associated immunophenotypes' on the residual leukemia cells. MRD analysis by MFC is most frequently done at the post-induction stage of treatment and often can achieve a sensitivity of detecting one leukemic cell in 10,000 normal cells, or even higher at times. This review outlines the technical aspects and provides inputs on standard antibody panels used for MRD detection in B-, T-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemias, and acute myeloid leukemia.
急性白血病患者的微小残留病（MRD）分析已发展成为一个重要的预后因素。根据MRD结果，在诱导化疗后对病例进行风险分层，并对进一步治疗进行调整以获得最大治疗效益。MRD检测的两种主要方法是多参数流式细胞术（MFC）和聚合酶链反应。MFC基于残留白血病细胞上的特征性“白血病相关免疫表型”来识别MRD。通过MFC进行的MRD分析最常在治疗的诱导后阶段进行，并且通常能够达到在一万个正常细胞中检测出一个白血病细胞的灵敏度，有时甚至更高。本综述概述了技术方面，并提供了用于B系、T系急性淋巴细胞白血病和急性髓细胞白血病MRD检测的标准抗体组合的相关信息。
