Xiang Huiling, Zhu Feng, Xu Zhifeng, Xiong Jing
Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
Front Cell Dev Biol. 2020 Feb 27;8:106. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00106. eCollection 2020.
Inflammasomes, multiprotein complex induced by harmful factors in the body, play a crucial role in innate immunity. Activation of inflammasomes lead to the activation of casepase-1 and then the secretion of inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β and IL-18, subsequently leading to a type of cell death called pyroptosis. There are two types of signaling pathways involved in the process of inflammasome activation: the canonical and the non-canonical signaling pathway. The canonical signaling pathway is mainly dependent on casepase-1; the non-canonical signal pathway, which was recently discovered, is mainly dependent on caspase-11, but is also meditated by caspase-4, caspase-5, and caspase-8. Kidney inflammation is basically associated with inflammatory factor exudation and inflammatory cell infiltration. Several studies have showed that inflammasomes are closely related to kidney diseases, especially the NOD-, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, which play a role in regulating kidney inflammation and fibrosis. In this review, we focus on the relationship between inflammasomes and kidney diseases, especially the role of the NLRP3 inflammasome in different kinds of kidney disease via both canonical and non-canonical signal pathways.
炎性小体是由体内有害因素诱导产生的多蛋白复合物，在固有免疫中起关键作用。炎性小体的激活会导致半胱天冬酶-1的激活，进而促使炎性细胞因子（包括白细胞介素-1β和白细胞介素-18）的分泌，随后导致一种称为细胞焦亡的细胞死亡类型。炎性小体激活过程涉及两种信号通路：经典信号通路和非经典信号通路。经典信号通路主要依赖半胱天冬酶-1；最近发现的非经典信号通路主要依赖半胱天冬酶-11，但也由半胱天冬酶-4、半胱天冬酶-5和半胱天冬酶-8介导。肾脏炎症基本上与炎性因子渗出和炎性细胞浸润有关。多项研究表明，炎性小体与肾脏疾病密切相关，尤其是含核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域样受体蛋白3（NLRP3）炎性小体，其在调节肾脏炎症和纤维化中发挥作用。在本综述中，我们重点关注炎性小体与肾脏疾病之间的关系，特别是NLRP3炎性小体通过经典和非经典信号通路在不同类型肾脏疾病中的作用。
