Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, NORWAY.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2020 Sep;52(9):1940-1947. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000002338.
Natural growth and maturation cause hemoglobin mass (Hbmass) and blood volume (BV) to increase during childhood and adolescence. Whether endurance training during the same period can cause further increases in these variables is not clear. Also, body composition develops differently in girls and boys during puberty, and the effect of these differences on hematological variables has not been previously studied.
Forty-two endurance athletes (End group; 24 boys) and 34 athletes from other sports (non-End group; 23 boys) were tested at ages 12, 13, and 15 yr for Hbmass, BV, plasma volume (PV), red cell volume (RCV), hematological variables, and anthropometrics.
At age 12 yr, Hbmass and BV showed no difference between sexes and training groups in absolute values or relative to fat-free mass (FFM). Relative to FFM, Hbmass and BV averaged 11.7 (0.8) g·kg and 95 (6.8) mL·kg. Increases in FFM from ages 12 to 15 yr primarily determined the increased Hbmass and BV for both sexes with no differences between training groups. At age 15 yr, Hbmass relative to FFM was higher in boys than girls, 13.1 (0.8) g·kg and 12.1 (0.9) g·kg (P < 0.001), whereas BV relative to FFM was not significantly different between sexes and training groups at any ages, averaged 100 (6.7) mL·kg at age 15 yr. Relative to FFM, PV was higher in the End group at all ages, and RCV was, on average, lower and increased less compared with non-End group.
Our results indicate that increases in Hbmass during puberty are mainly associated with increased FFM and independent of sex or volume of endurance training.However, the FFM-relative PV was higher and the FFM-relative RCV was lower in the End group compared with the non-End group.
自然生长和成熟会导致儿童和青少年时期血红蛋白质量（Hbmass）和血容量（BV）增加。在此期间进行耐力训练是否会进一步增加这些变量尚不清楚。此外，青春期女孩和男孩的身体成分发育方式不同，这些差异对血液学变量的影响尚未得到研究。
42 名耐力运动员（End 组；24 名男孩）和 34 名来自其他运动的运动员（非 End 组；23 名男孩）在 12、13 和 15 岁时接受了 Hbmass、BV、血浆容量（PV）、红细胞容量（RCV）、血液学变量和人体测量学的测试。
在 12 岁时，Hbmass 和 BV 在绝对值或相对于去脂体重（FFM）方面，男孩和女孩之间以及训练组之间均无差异。相对于 FFM，Hbmass 和 BV 的平均值分别为 11.7（0.8）g·kg 和 95（6.8）mL·kg。从 12 岁到 15 岁，FFM 的增加主要决定了男女 Hbmass 和 BV 的增加，两组之间没有差异。在 15 岁时，男孩的 Hbmass 相对 FFM 高于女孩，分别为 13.1（0.8）g·kg 和 12.1（0.9）g·kg（P<0.001），而 BV 相对 FFM 在性别和训练组之间在任何年龄都没有显著差异，在 15 岁时平均为 100（6.7）mL·kg。相对于 FFM，End 组在所有年龄段的 PV 均较高，而 RCV 平均较低，且增加幅度低于非 End 组。
我们的研究结果表明，青春期 Hbmass 的增加主要与 FFM 的增加有关，而与性别或耐力训练量无关。然而，与非 End 组相比，End 组的 FFM-相对 PV 较高，而 FFM-相对 RCV 较低。
