Afdile Mamdooh, Jääskeläinen Iiro P
Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University; Department of Media, School of Arts Design and Architecture, Aalto University; Department of Film and Media, Stockholm University of the Arts;
Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University; Advanced Magnetic Imaging (AMI) Centre, Aalto NeuroImaging, Aalto University; International Laboratory for Social Neuroscience, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, National Research University Higher School of Economics.
J Vis Exp. 2020 Feb 29(156). doi: 10.3791/60817.
New knowledge is continuously gained from a social environment that can influence how people respond to each other. Such responses often occur implicitly, at a subliminal perceptual level, and related brain mechanisms can be experimentally isolated by presenting the stimuli quickly. Subliminal presentation of faces that belong to different ethnicity groups, races, or gender has been shown to be successful in investigating social implicit responses. However, many implicit responses are based on knowledge previously gained about the faces (e.g., sexual orientation, political views, and socioeconomic status) and not solely on physical appearance. Here, a novel method called post-movie subliminal measurement (PMSM) is presented. When watching a socially engaging movie, a spectator gains knowledge about the protagonist and becomes familiar with his/her identity and world views. When the face of the protagonist is presented subliminally after the movie, it evokes an implicit neural response depending on what is learned about the protagonist. With a vast number of movies available, each depicting a variety of people with different identities, the PMSM method enables investigation of the brain's complex implicit biases in a manner that resembles real-life social perceptions.
新知识不断从社会环境中获取，这种环境会影响人们彼此之间的反应方式。此类反应通常在潜意识的感知层面以隐性方式发生，相关的大脑机制可以通过快速呈现刺激来进行实验分离。已证明，下意识呈现属于不同种族、民族或性别的面孔，在研究社会隐性反应方面是成功的。然而，许多隐性反应是基于先前获得的关于面孔的知识（例如性取向、政治观点和社会经济地位），而不仅仅基于外貌。在此，提出了一种名为电影后下意识测量（PMSM）的新方法。当观看一部具有社交吸引力的电影时，观众会了解主角的情况，并熟悉其身份和世界观。当电影结束后下意识呈现主角的面孔时，它会根据对主角的了解引发一种隐性神经反应。由于有大量电影可供选择，每部电影都描绘了具有不同身份的各种各样的人物，PMSM方法能够以类似于现实生活中社会感知的方式研究大脑复杂的隐性偏见。
