School of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28223 Campus de Somosaguas, Spain.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Mar 15;17(6):1915. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17061915.
The prevalence of anxiety disorders over the last year among seniors ranged from 3.6% to 17.2%. The most prevalent disorders are specific phobias. Data are needed concerning the consequences of specific phobia disorder on the level of functioning and quality of life of older people, the age of onset of specific phobia disorder, and the duration of episodes. In total, 555 community-dwelling people aged between 65 and 84 years who lived in Madrid (Spain) were assessed (Composite International Diagnostic Interview for people over 65 years (CIDI65+), WHO Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS II), Health of the Nation Outcome Scales for Older Adults (HoNOS65+), World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief (WHOQOL-BREF). Prevalence rates and odds ratio, t-tests, binary logistic regression, and point-biserial correlations were calculated. A total of 12.07% of the sample suffered a specific phobia disorder over the last year. The average age at onset of the specific phobia was 38.78 (sd = 21.61) years. The mean duration of the phobia was approximately 20 (sd = 20) years. A significant effect of the specific phobia was found for the current levels of functioning and quality of life: WHOQOL-BREF total score ( < 0.05), WHODAS II overall score ( < 0.01), and HoNOS65+ total score ( < 0.001). Having specific phobia disorder decreased the level of functioning and negatively affected the quality of life. These data suggest the need for primary healthcare professionals to include the detection of specific phobia disorders in their protocols because people do not receive treatment for this problem, and they might carry it throughout their lives.
过去一年，老年人焦虑障碍的患病率在 3.6%至 17.2%之间。最常见的障碍是特定恐惧症。需要了解特定恐惧症对老年人功能水平和生活质量的影响、特定恐惧症的发病年龄以及发病持续时间。共有 555 名居住在马德里（西班牙）的 65 至 84 岁的社区居民接受了评估（65 岁以上人群综合国际诊断访谈 (CIDI65+)、世界卫生组织残疾评估量表 (WHODAS II)、国家卫生结果量表老年人 (HoNOS65+)、世界卫生组织生活质量简表 (WHOQOL-BREF)）。计算了患病率和优势比、t 检验、二元逻辑回归和点双列相关。共有 12.07%的样本在过去一年中患有特定恐惧症。特定恐惧症的平均发病年龄为 38.78 岁（标准差=21.61 岁）。恐惧症的平均持续时间约为 20 年（标准差=20 年）。特定恐惧症对当前的功能和生活质量水平有显著影响：WHOQOL-BREF 总分（<0.05）、WHODAS II 总分（<0.01）和 HoNOS65+总分（<0.001）。患有特定恐惧症会降低功能水平，并对生活质量产生负面影响。这些数据表明，初级保健专业人员需要在其方案中纳入特定恐惧症障碍的检测，因为人们没有得到这种问题的治疗，而且他们可能会终生携带这种问题。
