George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA.
Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA.
Appl Psychol Health Well Being. 2020 Jul;12(2):532-558. doi: 10.1111/aphw.12196. Epub 2020 Mar 17.
Working adults spend most of their leisure time watching TV. In this paper, we seek to clarify how experiences of psychological need fulfillment and well-being differ when watching TV and engaging in other leisure activities. We suggest that, compared to other leisure activities, watching TV is equally conducive to fulfilling needs for: (a) relaxation and detachment from stress and (b) autonomy, but is less conducive to fulfilling needs for (c) meaning, (d) mastery, and (e) affiliation and thus also less conducive to promoting subjective wellbeing.
We tested our predictions in two day reconstruction studies and a daily diary study.
People experienced similar levels of detachment and relaxation when watching TV and engaging in other types of leisure. However, they experienced less fulfillment of other needs, and lower levels of satisfaction and some aspects of affective well-being, when watching TV compared to other activities. Further, unlike time spent watching TV, daily time spent in physical activities was positively associated with positive activated affect.
Given that watching TV tends to be associated with lower levels of need fulfillment and well-being than other leisure activities, leisure choices may be an important target for improving employee well-being.
在职成年人将大部分闲暇时间用于看电视。本文旨在阐明观看电视与参与其他闲暇活动时，心理需求满足感和幸福感的差异。我们认为，与其他闲暇活动相比，看电视同样有助于满足以下需求：（a）放松身心，缓解压力；（b）自主。但却不利于满足以下需求：（c）意义；（d）掌控；（e）归属，从而也不利于促进主观幸福感。
我们在两项日间重建研究和一项日常日记研究中检验了我们的预测。
人们在观看电视和参与其他类型的闲暇活动时，体验到相似程度的解脱和放松。然而，与其他活动相比，他们在观看电视时，其他需求的满足感较低，满足感和某些方面的情感幸福感也较低。此外，与观看电视的时间不同，每天花在体育活动上的时间与积极的活跃情绪呈正相关。
鉴于看电视与其他闲暇活动相比，往往与较低的需求满足感和幸福感相关，因此闲暇选择可能是提高员工幸福感的一个重要目标。
