Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3NB. Wales, United Kingdom.
Curr Pharm Des. 2020;26(22):2591-2601. doi: 10.2174/1381612826666200318152049.
Atherosclerosis is one of the leading causes of human morbidity globally and reduced bioavailability of vascular nitric oxide (NO) has a critical role in the progression and development of the atherosclerotic disease. Loss of NO bioavailability, for example via a deficiency of the substrate (L-arginine) or cofactors for endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), invariably leads to detrimental vascular effects such as impaired endothelial function and increased smooth muscle cell proliferation, deficiency of the substrate (Larginine) or cofactors for eNOS. Various medicinal plants and their bioactive compounds or secondary metabolites with fewer side effects are potentially implicated in preventing cardiovascular disease by increasing NO bioavailability, thereby ameliorating endothelial dysfunction. In this review, we describe the most notable medicinal plants and their bioactive compounds that may be appropriate for enhancing NO bioavailability, and treatment of atherosclerosis.
The material in this article was obtained from noteworthy scientific databases, including Web of Science, PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus and Google Scholar.
Medicinal plants and their bioactive compounds influence NO production through diverse mechanisms including the activation of the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway, activating protein kinase C (PKC)-α, stimulating protein tyrosine kinase (PTK), reducing the conversion of nitrite to NO via nitrate-nitrite reduction pathways, induction of eNOS, activating the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/serine threonine protein kinase B (AKT) (PI3K/AKT/eNOS/NO) pathway and decreasing oxidative stress.
Medicinal plants and/or their constituent bioactive compounds may be considered as safe therapeutic options for enhancing NO bioavailability and prospective preventative therapy for atherosclerosis.
动脉粥样硬化是全球范围内导致人类发病的主要原因之一，血管一氧化氮（NO）的生物利用度降低在动脉粥样硬化疾病的进展和发展中起着关键作用。例如，通过缺乏底物（L-精氨酸）或内皮型一氧化氮合酶（eNOS）的辅助因子，导致 NO 生物利用度降低，总是会导致有害的血管效应，如内皮功能受损和平滑肌细胞增殖增加、底物（L-精氨酸）或 eNOS 的辅助因子缺乏。各种药用植物及其生物活性化合物或次级代谢产物的副作用较少，可能通过增加 NO 生物利用度，从而改善内皮功能障碍，从而预防心血管疾病。在这篇综述中，我们描述了最显著的药用植物及其生物活性化合物，它们可能适合于增强 NO 生物利用度和治疗动脉粥样硬化。
本文的材料取自有价值的科学数据库，包括 Web of Science、PubMed、Science Direct、Scopus 和 Google Scholar。
药用植物及其生物活性化合物通过多种机制影响 NO 的产生，包括核因子 kappa B（NF-κB）信号通路的激活、蛋白激酶 C（PKC）-α 的激活、蛋白酪氨酸激酶（PTK）的刺激、通过硝酸盐-亚硝酸盐还原途径减少亚硝酸盐转化为 NO、诱导 eNOS、激活磷脂酰肌醇 3-激酶（PI3K）/丝氨酸苏氨酸蛋白激酶 B（AKT）（PI3K/AKT/eNOS/NO）途径和降低氧化应激。
药用植物及其组成生物活性化合物可以被认为是增强 NO 生物利用度的安全治疗选择，也是动脉粥样硬化的潜在预防治疗选择。
