Department of Ecology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, Prague, Suchdol, 165 00, Czech Republic.
Sci Rep. 2020 Mar 18;10(1):4970. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-61820-7.
Ongoing climate change results in increasing temperatures throughout the seasons. The effects of climate change on insect performance are less studied during the winter season than during the growing season. Here, we investigated the effects of various winter temperature regimes (warm, normal and cold) on the winter performance of the invasive ladybird Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Winter survival, body mass loss and post-winter starvation resistance were measured for a laboratory-reared population as well as three populations collected from the field prior to overwintering. The warm winter regime increased the survival rate and body mass loss and reduced post-winter starvation resistance compared to those of the ladybirds in the cold winter regime. The effects of the temperature regime were qualitatively similar for the laboratory-reared and field-collected beetles; however, there were significant quantitative differences in all measured overwintering parameters between the laboratory-reared and field-collected populations. The winter survival of the laboratory-reared beetles was much lower than that of the field-collected beetles. The laboratory-reared beetles also lost a larger proportion of their body mass and had reduced post-winter starvation resistance. Winter survival was similar between the females and males, but compared to the males, the females lost a smaller proportion of their body mass and had better post-winter starvation resistance. The pre-overwintering body mass positively affected winter survival and post-winter starvation resistance in both the laboratory-reared and field-collected ladybirds. The significant differences between the laboratory-reared and field-collected individuals indicate that quantitative conclusions derived from studies investigating solely laboratory-reared individuals cannot be directly extrapolated to field situations.
气候变化导致四季气温持续上升。与生长季节相比，气候变化对昆虫冬季表现的影响在冬季研究较少。在这里，我们研究了不同冬季温度制度（温暖、正常和寒冷）对入侵性瓢虫 Harmonia axyridis（鞘翅目：瓢虫科）冬季表现的影响。我们测量了实验室饲养的种群以及在越冬前从野外收集的三个种群的冬季存活率、体重损失和越冬后饥饿抗性。与寒冷冬季制度下的瓢虫相比，温暖冬季制度提高了存活率、体重损失率，并降低了越冬后饥饿抗性。温度制度对实验室饲养和野外采集的甲虫的影响在性质上相似；然而，在所有越冬参数的所有测量中，实验室饲养和野外采集的种群之间存在显著的定量差异。实验室饲养的甲虫冬季存活率远低于野外采集的甲虫。实验室饲养的甲虫体重损失比例也较大，越冬后饥饿抗性降低。雌雄两性之间的冬季存活率相似，但与雄性相比，雌性体重损失比例较小，越冬后饥饿抗性较好。越冬前的体重对实验室饲养和野外采集的瓢虫的冬季存活率和越冬后饥饿抗性均有积极影响。实验室饲养和野外采集个体之间的显著差异表明，仅从实验室饲养个体研究中得出的定量结论不能直接外推到野外情况。
