Andersen Øivind
Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research (NOFIMA), PO BOX 210,1431, Ås, Norway.
Subcell Biochem. 2020;94:323-344. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-41769-7_13.
The diversity of fish hemoglobins and the association with oxygen availability and physiological requirements during the life cycle has attracted scientists since the first report on multiple hemoglobin in fishes (Buhler and Shanks 1959). The functional heterogeneity of the fish hemoglobins enables many species to tolerate hypoxic conditions and exhausting swimming, but also to maintain the gas pressure in the swim bladder at large depths. The hemoglobin repertoire has further increased in various species displaying polymorphic hemoglobin variants differing in oxygen binding properties. The multiplicity of fish hemoglobins as particularly found in the tetraploid salmonids strongly contrasts with the complete loss of hemoglobins in Antarctic icefishes and illustrates the adaptive radiation in the oxygen transport of this successful vertebrate group.
自首次报道鱼类存在多种血红蛋白（布勒和尚克斯，1959年）以来，鱼类血红蛋白的多样性以及其在生命周期中与氧气可利用性和生理需求的关联就吸引了科学家们。鱼类血红蛋白的功能异质性使许多物种能够耐受低氧条件和剧烈的游泳运动，还能在深海维持鱼鳔内的气压。在各种显示出氧结合特性不同的多态血红蛋白变体的物种中，血红蛋白种类进一步增加。特别是在四倍体鲑科鱼类中发现的鱼类血红蛋白的多样性，与南极冰鱼血红蛋白的完全丧失形成了强烈对比，这说明了这个成功的脊椎动物群体在氧气运输方面的适应性辐射。
