Wake Addisu Dabi, Bekele Daniel Mengistu, Tuji Techane Sisay
Nursing Department, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Arsi University, Asella, Ethiopia.
School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Integr Blood Press Control. 2020 Mar 5;13:1-13. doi: 10.2147/IBPC.S242123. eCollection 2020.
Self-monitoring of blood pressure (BP) among hypertensive patients is an important aspect of the management and prevention of complication related to hypertension. However, self-monitoring of BP among hypertensive patients on scheduled follow-up in hospitals in Ethiopia is unknown. The aim of the study was to assess knowledge and attitude of self-monitoring of BP among adult hypertensive patients.
A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 400 adult hypertensive patients attending follow-up clinics at four public hospitals of Arsi Zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia. The data were collected from patients from March 10, 2019 to April 8, 2019 by face-to-face interview using a pretested questionnaire and augmented by a retrospective patients' medical records review. The data were analyzed using the SPSS version 21.0 software.
A total of 400 patients were enrolled into the study with the response rate of 97.6%. The median age of the participants was 49 years (range 23-90 years). More than half (225 [56.3%]) were male. The majority (160 [40%]) were married and more than two-thirds (282 [70.5%]) were Oromo by ethnic background. About 206 (51.5%) had attended primary education. The proportion of patient's knowledge toward self-monitoring of BP and the practice of self-monitoring of BP among hypertensive patients was 31.5% (n=126 [95% CI; 26.5, 36.5]) and 7.75% (n=31 [95% CI; 5.3, 10.5]) respectively. The multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed; higher education (AOR=2.73, 95% CI [1.33, 13.88)], governmental employed (AOR=1.52, 95% CI [1.06, 6.48]), having an income of >3500 Ethiopian Birr (AOR=2.16, 95% CI [1.56, 7.39]), duration of hypertension >6 years (AOR=1.87, 95% CI [1.21, 6.37]), having health insurance (AOR=3.56, 95% CI [1.39, 10.53]), having co-morbidities (AOR=3.93, 95% CI [1.35, 10.32]), receiving a health professional recommendation toward self-monitoring of BP (AOR=6.08, 95% CI [2.45, 15.06]), and having an awareness of hypertension-related complication (AOR=3.94, 95% CI [1.34, 11.44]) were factors significantly associated with self-monitoring of BP.
In this study, the proportion of knowledge of self-monitoring of BP and the practice of self-monitoring of BP among hypertensive patients on follow-up were low. Educational programs on self-monitoring of BP including teaching through demonstration may be needed to be in place.
高血压患者的血压自我监测是高血压管理及并发症预防的重要方面。然而，埃塞俄比亚医院中接受定期随访的高血压患者的血压自我监测情况尚不清楚。本研究旨在评估成年高血压患者对血压自我监测的知识和态度。
对埃塞俄比亚奥罗米亚州阿尔西地区四家公立医院随访门诊的400名成年高血压患者进行了横断面调查。2019年3月10日至2019年4月8日期间，通过使用预先测试过的问卷进行面对面访谈收集数据，并通过回顾患者病历进行补充。使用SPSS 21.0软件对数据进行分析。
共有400名患者纳入研究，应答率为97.6%。参与者的年龄中位数为49岁（范围23 - 90岁）。超过一半（225人[56.3%]）为男性。大多数（160人[40%]）已婚，超过三分之二（282人[70.5%]）为奥罗莫族。约206人（51.5%）接受过小学教育。高血压患者对血压自我监测的知识知晓率和血压自我监测的实践率分别为31.5%（n = 126[95%置信区间；26.5，36.5]）和7.75%（n = 31[95%置信区间；5.3，10.5]）。多变量逻辑回归分析显示；高等教育（比值比=2.73，95%置信区间[1.33，13.88]）、政府雇员（比值比=1.52，95%置信区间[1.06，6.48]）、收入>3500埃塞俄比亚比尔（比值比=2.16，95%置信区间[1.56，7.39]）、高血压病程>6年（比值比=1.87，95%置信区间[1.21，6.37]）、拥有健康保险（比值比=3.56，95%置信区间[1.39，10.53]）、患有合并症（比值比=3.93，95%置信区间[1.35，10.32]）、接受健康专业人员关于血压自我监测的建议（比值比=6.08，95%置信区间[2.45，15.06]）以及知晓高血压相关并发症（比值比=3.94，95%置信区间[1.34，11.44]）是与血压自我监测显著相关的因素。
在本研究中，随访的高血压患者对血压自我监测的知识知晓率和血压自我监测的实践率较低。可能需要开展包括示范教学在内的血压自我监测教育项目。
