Pilarczyk Bogumiła, Tomza-Marciniak Agnieszka, Sablik Piotr, Pilarczyk Renata
Department of Animal Reproduction Biotechnology and Environmental Hygiene, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Janickiego 29, 71-270 Szczecin, Poland
Department of Ruminant Science, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Janickiego 29, 71-270 Szczecin, Poland
Ann Parasitol. 2019;65(4):387–396. doi: 10.17420/ap6504.225.
The aim of the study was to determine the species composition, prevalence and intensity of parasitic enteric infections in cows in relation to farm management system. Prevalence of gastrointestinal nematodes and Eimeria protozoans was determined from coproscopic examinations using Willis-Schlaf flotation. The species composition of coccidia was determined from morphological characters and the time of oocyst sporulation. Fluke liver eggs were detected by decantation. The average rates of parasitic infections were 67.42%, in the biodynamic farm, 62.14%, in the organic farms, and 63.26%, in the conventional cattle farm. Cows managed in the biodynamic farm suffered from infections by Eimeria protozoans and gastrointestinal nematodes, whereas Eimeria, gastrointestinal nematodes and Moniezia sp. were found in the organic farms. In cows of the conventional farm, we found Eimeria, gastrointestinal nematodes, Moniezia sp. and trematodes: Fasciola hepatica and Paramphistomum sp. The average intensity of Eimeria sp. infection in cows by farming system was as follows: 71 OPG (oocysts per gram of feces) in the biodynamic farm, 57 OPG in the organic farm and 71 OPG in the conventional farm. The mean intensity of gastrointestinal parasites was 290 EPG (eggs per gram feces) in the biodynamic farm, 455 EPG in the organic farm, and 228 EPG in the conventional farm. The average Moniezia infection intensity in cows was 125 EPG, in the organic farm, and 50 EPG (eggs per gram feces), in the conventional farm. It is noteworthy that the intensity of gastrointestinal nematode infection of cows in the biodynamic farm was very low (290 EPG) despite a high prevalence of infection (67.42%). A similar situation though was found in the cows managed in the conventional way.
本研究的目的是确定与农场管理系统相关的奶牛肠道寄生虫感染的种类组成、流行率和感染强度。通过使用威利斯 - 施拉夫浮选法进行粪便检查来确定胃肠道线虫和艾美耳属原生动物的流行率。根据形态特征和卵囊孢子化时间确定球虫的种类组成。通过倾析法检测肝吸虫卵。生物动力农场的寄生虫感染平均率为67.42%，有机农场为62.14%，传统养牛场为63.26%。在生物动力农场饲养的奶牛感染了艾美耳属原生动物和胃肠道线虫，而在有机农场发现了艾美耳属、胃肠道线虫和莫尼茨绦虫属。在传统农场的奶牛中，我们发现了艾美耳属、胃肠道线虫、莫尼茨绦虫属和吸虫：肝片吸虫和双腔吸虫属。按养殖系统划分，奶牛感染艾美耳属的平均感染强度如下：生物动力农场为71个卵囊/克粪便（OPG），有机农场为57个OPG，传统农场为71个OPG。生物动力农场胃肠道寄生虫的平均感染强度为290个虫卵/克粪便（EPG），有机农场为455个EPG，传统农场为228个EPG。奶牛莫尼茨绦虫的平均感染强度在有机农场为125个EPG，在传统农场为50个虫卵/克粪便（EPG）。值得注意的是，尽管生物动力农场奶牛胃肠道线虫感染率很高（67.42%），但其感染强度却非常低（290个EPG）。以传统方式饲养的奶牛也发现了类似情况。
