Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
J Nutr. 2020 Jun 1;150(6):1379-1387. doi: 10.1093/jn/nxaa054.
Avocados are rich in unsaturated fat and fiber; clinical trials have investigated their effects on metabolic disease. There is high variability in individual changes following avocado consumption, which may be in part due to individual genetic differences.
Secondary analyses of the Persea americana for Total Health (PATH) Study were used to examine how single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) impact blood lipid changes following a daily meal containing avocado compared with control.
Adults (n = 115, 37% male) aged 25-45 y with overweight and obesity were randomly assigned to receive a daily isocaloric meal with (intervention) or without (control) a standardized amount (males: 175 g; females: 140 g) of avocado for 12 wk. Control meals were higher in saturated fat (17% of energy compared with 7%) and lower in fiber (4 g compared with 16 g) than intervention meals. Whole venous blood was taken at baseline and 12 wk to determine total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and triglyceride (TG) concentrations. Seventeen SNPs in 10 genes related to lipoprotein metabolism were genotyped. Effects of SNP, diet, and SNP-diet interactions were determined using general linear models.
No group-by-time effects were detected for changes in TC (P = 0.96), HDL cholesterol (P = 0.28), or TG (P = 0.06) over 12 wk. Three SNP-diet interactions were associated with final TC concentrations: ANGPTL3-rs10889337 (P = 0.01), ANGPTL4-rs2278236 (P = 0.02), and CD36-rs10499859 (P = 0.01). SNPs in GCKR and LPL were associated with TC changes (P = 0.01). The interaction between GCKR-rs1260326 and diet was such that C-homozygotes receiving avocado (n = 23) had final TC concentrations that were significantly lower than the C-homozygotes in the control group (n = 20) (P = 0.02).
Results from these exploratory analyses indicate that avocado consumption may help manage dyslipidemia in adults with overweight and obesity; however, effectiveness may differ by genetic profile. Understanding the role of genetic variation in variability following dietary intervention can potentially inform personalized nutrition recommendations.
鳄梨富含不饱和脂肪和纤维；临床试验已经研究了它们对代谢疾病的影响。食用鳄梨后个体变化的个体差异很大，这可能部分归因于个体遗传差异。
使用 Persea americana for Total Health (PATH) 研究的二次分析来研究单核苷酸多态性 (SNP) 如何影响与对照相比，每天摄入含有鳄梨的膳食后血脂的变化。
将年龄在 25-45 岁之间的超重和肥胖成年人（n=115，37%为男性）随机分配接受每日等热量膳食，其中含有（干预组）或不含有（对照组）标准化量（男性：175g；女性：140g）鳄梨，持续 12 周。对照餐的饱和脂肪（占能量的 17%，而干预餐为 7%）更高，纤维（4g，而干预餐为 16g）更低。在基线和 12 周时采集整个静脉血以确定总胆固醇（TC）、高密度脂蛋白（HDL）胆固醇和甘油三酯（TG）浓度。对与脂蛋白代谢相关的 10 个基因中的 17 个 SNP 进行了基因分型。使用一般线性模型确定 SNP、饮食和 SNP-饮食相互作用的影响。
在 12 周内，未检测到 TC（P=0.96）、HDL 胆固醇（P=0.28）或 TG（P=0.06）变化的组间时间效应。三个 SNP-饮食相互作用与最终 TC 浓度相关：ANGPTL3-rs10889337（P=0.01）、ANGPTL4-rs2278236（P=0.02）和 CD36-rs10499859（P=0.01）。GCKR 和 LPL 中的 SNP 与 TC 变化相关（P=0.01）。GCKR-rs1260326 与饮食的相互作用使得接受鳄梨的 C 纯合子（n=23）的最终 TC 浓度明显低于对照组的 C 纯合子（n=20）（P=0.02）。
这些探索性分析的结果表明，鳄梨的食用可能有助于管理超重和肥胖成年人的血脂异常；然而，有效性可能因遗传特征而异。了解遗传变异在饮食干预后的个体差异中的作用可能有助于为个性化营养建议提供信息。
