Jeker Lukas, Grossar Daniela
Agroscope, Swiss Bee Research Center, Schwarzenburgstrasse 161, CH-3003 Bern, Switzerland;, Email:
Agroscope, Swiss Bee Research Center, Schwarzenburgstrasse 161, CH-3003 Bern, Switzerland.
Chimia (Aarau). 2020 Mar 25;74(3):176-182. doi: 10.2533/chimia.2020.176.
An up-to-date ecotoxicological risk assessment of plant protection products (PPPs) depends on the constant improvement of risk assessment methods and guidelines, and a thorough evaluation of their impacts. Here, we explain how the risk assessment of PPPs with regard to bees and the authorisation of PPPs is conducted in Switzerland. We further report the design and application of a new method to study homing flights of honey bees using the Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technique. The new method allowed to address the effects of sublethal doses of two neonicotinoids, thiamethoxam and thiacloprid, on the flight capacities of honey bees. Currently, this study design is under evaluation in an international ring test, in which the Swiss Bee Research centre participates. It is the first test design focussing on sublethal effects of PPPs on honey bees and a draft method will be submitted to OECD to become an official test guideline in the near future. Potential shortcomings and ideas for refinements on the RFID test design are discussed.
植物保护产品（PPPs）的最新生态毒理学风险评估依赖于风险评估方法和指南的不断改进，以及对其影响的全面评估。在此，我们解释瑞士如何进行关于蜜蜂的植物保护产品风险评估以及植物保护产品的授权。我们还报告了一种使用射频识别（RFID）技术研究蜜蜂归巢飞行的新方法的设计与应用。该新方法能够研究两种新烟碱类杀虫剂噻虫嗪和噻虫啉的亚致死剂量对蜜蜂飞行能力的影响。目前，这项研究设计正在一项国际环试中进行评估，瑞士蜜蜂研究中心参与其中。这是首个聚焦于植物保护产品对蜜蜂亚致死效应的试验设计，一份方法草案将提交给经济合作与发展组织（OECD），以便在不久的将来成为官方测试指南。文中还讨论了RFID测试设计的潜在缺点及改进思路。
