Department of Ecology and Marine Resources, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Av Pasteur 458-314B, 22290-240, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; CFE-Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal.
CFE-Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2020 Jun 1;195:110465. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110465. Epub 2020 Apr 1.
Complementary studies at different levels of the biological organization are fundamental to fully link environmental exposure to marine benthic dinoflagellate toxins and their effects. In order to contribute to this transdisciplinary evaluation, and for the first time, the present study aims to study the effects of Gambierdiscus excentricus, Ostreopsis cf. ovata, Prorocentrum hoffmannianum and Prorocentrum lima extracts on seven functionally different mammalian cell lines: HEK 293, HepG2, HNDF, H9c2(2-1), MC3T3-E1, Raw 264.7 and SH-SY5Y. All the cell lines presented cell mass decrease in a concentration-dependence of dinoflagellate extracts, exhibiting marked differences in cell toxicity. Gambierdiscus excentricus presented the highest effect, at very low concentrations with EC (i.e., the concentration that gives half-maximal response after a 24-h exposure) between 1.3 and 13 cells mL, followed by O. cf. ovata (EC between 3.3 and 40 cells mL), and Prorocentrum species (P. lima: EC between 191 and 1027 cells mL and P. hoffmannianum: EC between 152 and 783 cells mL). Cellular specificities were also detected and rat cardiomyoblast H9c2(2-1) cells were in general the most sensitive to dinoflagellate toxic compounds, suggesting that this cell line is an animal-free potential model for dinoflagellate toxin testing. Finally, the sensitivity of cells expressing distinct phenotypes to each dinoflagellate extract exhibited low relation to human poisoning symptoms.
为了充分将海洋底栖甲藻毒素的环境暴露与其效应联系起来，不同生物学组织层次的补充研究至关重要。为了有助于这种跨学科评估，本研究首次旨在研究 Gambierdiscus excentricus、Ostreopsis cf. ovata、Prorocentrum hoffmannianum 和 Prorocentrum lima 提取物对 7 种具有不同功能的哺乳动物细胞系的影响：HEK 293、HepG2、HNDF、H9c2(2-1)、MC3T3-E1、Raw 264.7 和 SH-SY5Y。所有细胞系的细胞数量均随着甲藻提取物浓度的增加而减少，表现出明显的细胞毒性差异。Gambierdiscus excentricus 在非常低的浓度下（暴露 24 小时后达到半最大反应的浓度，即 EC ）表现出最高的效果，EC 介于 1.3 到 13 个细胞 mL 之间，其次是 Ostreopsis cf. ovata（EC 介于 3.3 到 40 个细胞 mL 之间）和 Prorocentrum 种（P. lima：EC 介于 191 到 1027 个细胞 mL 之间，P. hoffmannianum：EC 介于 152 到 783 个细胞 mL 之间）。还检测到细胞特异性，大鼠心肌细胞 H9c2(2-1) 通常对甲藻毒素化合物最敏感，这表明该细胞系是一种无动物的潜在甲藻毒素检测模型。最后，表达不同表型的细胞对每种甲藻提取物的敏感性与人类中毒症状的关系较低。
