Martínez Girón Rafael, Martínez Torre Santiago
CFP San Juan de la Cruz, Anatomía Patológica y Citodiagnóstico, Departamento de Sanidad, Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), España.
Departamento de Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, España.
Rev Esp Patol. 2020 Apr-Jun;53(2):100-112. doi: 10.1016/j.patol.2019.01.004. Epub 2019 Mar 15.
Synovial fluid samples represent only a very small percentage of routine work in a cytology laboratory. However, its microscopic examination allows us to observe different types of cells, particles and structures that, due to their morphological characteristics, may provide relevant data for cytodiagnosis. We present certain aspects related to arthrocentesis, the relationship between the gross appearance of synovial fluid and certain pathological processes, as well as the different techniques for processing and staining the smears. Furthermore, we describe the main cytological findings in various pathological conditions of the synovial joints, such as infections (bacterial and fungal), non-infectious inflammatory type (osteoarthrosis, rheumatoid arthritis, connective tissue diseases) and tumoral, distinguishing between primary and metastatic, both solid and haematological neoplasms.
滑膜液样本在细胞学实验室的常规工作中仅占很小的比例。然而，对其进行显微镜检查能让我们观察到不同类型的细胞、颗粒和结构，由于它们的形态特征，可为细胞诊断提供相关数据。我们介绍了与关节穿刺术相关的某些方面、滑膜液外观与某些病理过程之间的关系，以及涂片处理和染色的不同技术。此外，我们描述了滑膜关节各种病理状况下的主要细胞学发现，如感染（细菌和真菌）、非感染性炎症类型（骨关节炎、类风湿关节炎、结缔组织病）和肿瘤，区分原发性和转移性肿瘤，包括实体瘤和血液系统肿瘤。
