Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.
Department of Genetics, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.
Eur Psychiatry. 2020 Mar 23;63(1):e35. doi: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2020.31.
Childhood traumatic events are risk factors for psychotic-like experiences (PLEs). However, the mechanisms explaining how trauma may contribute to the development of PLEs are not fully understood. In our study, we investigated whether cannabis use and cognitive biases mediate the relationship between early trauma and PLEs.
A total sample of 6,772 young adults (age 26.6 ± 4.7, 2,181 male and 3,433 female) was recruited from the general population to participate in an online survey. We excluded 1,158 individuals due to a self-reported lifetime diagnosis of any mental disorder. The online survey included selected items from the following questionnaires: Traumatic Experience Checklist (TEC, 3 items), Childhood Experience of Care and Abuse Questionnaire (CECA.Q, 3 items), Cannabis Problems Questionnaire (CPQ, 10 items), Davos Assessment of Cognitive Biases Scale (DACOBS-18, 9 items), and Prodromal Questionnaire-16 (PQ-16). Mediation analyses were performed with respect to different categories of traumatic experiences (emotional, physical and sexual abuse as well as emotional neglect).
Our results showed significant associations of any time of childhood trauma with higher scores of cannabis use (CPQ), cognitive biases (DACOBS), and PLEs (PQ-16) (p < 0.001). We found a direct effect of childhood trauma on PLEs as well as significant indirect effect mediated through cannabis use and cognitive biases. All models tested for the effects of specific childhood adversities revealed similar results. The percentage of variance in PQ-16 scores explained by serial mediation models varied between 32.8 and 34.2% depending on childhood trauma category.
Cannabis use and cognitive biases play an important mediating role in the relationship between childhood traumatic events and the development of PLEs in a nonclinical young adult population.
儿童期创伤事件是类精神病体验（PLE）的风险因素。然而，解释创伤如何导致 PLE 发展的机制尚不完全清楚。在我们的研究中，我们调查了大麻使用和认知偏差是否在早期创伤和 PLE 之间的关系中起中介作用。
我们从普通人群中招募了总共 6772 名 26.6±4.7 岁的年轻人（2181 名男性和 3433 名女性）参与在线调查。由于自我报告的任何精神障碍终生诊断，我们排除了 1158 人。在线调查包括以下问卷的选定项目：创伤经历检查表（TEC，3 项），童年经历关怀和虐待问卷（CECA.Q，3 项），大麻问题问卷（CPQ，10 项），达沃斯认知偏差评估量表（DACOBS-18，9 项）和前驱症状问卷-16（PQ-16）。根据不同类别的创伤经历（情感、身体和性虐待以及情感忽视）进行了中介分析。
我们的结果显示，任何时候的儿童创伤与大麻使用（CPQ）、认知偏差（DACOBS）和 PLE（PQ-16）的得分较高均存在显著关联（p<0.001）。我们发现儿童创伤对 PLE 有直接影响，以及通过大麻使用和认知偏差的显著间接影响。测试特定儿童逆境影响的所有模型均得出了类似的结果。根据儿童创伤类别，PQ-16 得分的解释方差百分比在 32.8%至 34.2%之间变化。
在非临床年轻成年人中，大麻使用和认知偏差在儿童创伤事件与 PLE 发展之间的关系中起着重要的中介作用。
