School of Nursing and Midwifery, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.
Department of Emergency Medicine, Gold Coast Health, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.
Prehosp Disaster Med. 2020 Jun;35(3):298-304. doi: 10.1017/S1049023X20000357. Epub 2020 Mar 25.
Drug and alcohol consumption at sporting mass-gathering events (MGEs) has become part of the spectator culture in some countries. The direct and indirect effects of drug and alcohol intoxication at such MGEs has proven problematic to in-event health services as well as local emergency departments (EDs). With EDs already under significant strain from increasing patient presentations, resulting in access block, it is important to understand the impact of sporting and other MGEs on local health services to better inform future planning and provision of health care delivery.
The aim of this review was to explore the impact of sporting MGEs on local health services with a particular focus on drug and alcohol related presentations.
A well-established integrative literature review methodology was undertaken. Six electronic databases and the Prehospital and Disaster Medicine (PDM) journal were searched to identify primary articles related to the aim of the review. Articles were included if published in English, from January 2008 through July 2019, and focused on a sporting MGE, mass-gathering health, EDs, as well as drug and alcohol related presentations.
Seven papers met the criteria for inclusion with eight individual sporting MGEs reported. The patient presentation rate (PPR) to in-event health services ranged from 0.18/1,000 at a rugby game to 41.9/1,000 at a recreational bicycle ride. The transport to hospital rate (TTHR) ranged from 0.02/1,000 to 19/1,000 at the same events. Drug and alcohol related presentations from sporting MGEs contributed up to 10% of ED presentations. Alcohol was a contributing factor in up to 25% of cases of ambulance transfers.
Drug and alcohol intoxication has varying levels of impact on PPR, TTHR, and ED presentation numbers depending on the type of sporting MGE. More research is needed to understand if drug and alcohol intoxication alone influences PPR, TTHR, and ED presentations or if it is multifactorial. Inconsistent data collection and reporting methods make it challenging to compare different sporting MGEs and propose generalizations. It is imperative that future studies adopt more consistent methods and report drug and alcohol data to better inform resource allocation and care provision.
在一些国家，体育赛事人群聚集活动（MGE）中的药物和酒精消费已成为观众文化的一部分。在这些 MGE 中，药物和酒精中毒的直接和间接影响已经给现场医疗服务以及当地急诊部门（ED）带来了问题。由于 ED 面临着越来越多的病人就诊导致的接入阻塞的巨大压力，了解体育赛事和其他 MGE 对当地卫生服务的影响对于更好地为未来的医疗保健服务规划和提供信息非常重要。
本综述旨在探讨体育 MGE 对当地卫生服务的影响，特别是重点关注与药物和酒精相关的就诊情况。
采用已建立的综合文献综述方法。对六个电子数据库和《院前与灾难医学》（PDM）杂志进行了搜索，以确定与综述目的相关的原始文章。如果文章发表于 2008 年 1 月至 2019 年 7 月期间，以英语出版，且专注于体育 MGE、人群聚集健康、ED 以及与药物和酒精相关的就诊情况，则纳入文章。
有 7 篇论文符合纳入标准，其中有 8 项单独的体育 MGE 报道。现场医疗服务的就诊率（PPR）范围从橄榄球比赛的每 1000 人 0.18 例到娱乐性自行车骑行的每 1000 人 41.9 例。这些事件的送往医院率（TTHR）范围从每 1000 人 0.02 例到 19 例。来自体育 MGE 的药物和酒精相关就诊情况占 ED 就诊人数的 10%。酒精是救护车转院病例的 25%的原因。
根据体育 MGE 的类型，药物和酒精中毒对 PPR、TTHR 和 ED 就诊人数的影响程度不同。需要进一步研究以了解药物和酒精中毒是否单独影响 PPR、TTHR 和 ED 就诊情况，还是多因素影响。不一致的数据收集和报告方法使得比较不同的体育 MGE 并提出概括变得具有挑战性。未来的研究必须采用更一致的方法并报告药物和酒精数据，以便更好地为资源分配和护理提供信息。
