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根据 A(H3N2) 系统发育亚群和既往接种史评估流感疫苗效力:加拿大 2016-2017 年和 2017-2018 年流行季

Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness by A(H3N2) Phylogenetic Subcluster and Prior Vaccination History: 2016-2017 and 2017-2018 Epidemics in Canada.

机构信息

British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, Canada.

University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.

出版信息

J Infect Dis. 2022 Apr 19;225(8):1387-1398. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa138.

Abstract

BACKGROUND

The influenza A(H3N2) vaccine was updated from clade 3C.3a in 2015-2016 to 3C.2a for 2016-2017 and 2017-2018. Circulating 3C.2a viruses showed considerable hemagglutinin glycoprotein diversification and the egg-adapted vaccine also bore mutations.

METHODS

Vaccine effectiveness (VE) in 2016-2017 and 2017-2018 was assessed by test-negative design, explored by A(H3N2) phylogenetic subcluster and prior season's vaccination history.

RESULTS

In 2016-2017, A(H3N2) VE was 36% (95% confidence interval [CI], 18%-50%), comparable with (43%; 95% CI, 24%-58%) or without (33%; 95% CI, -21% to 62%) prior season's vaccination. In 2017-2018, VE was 14% (95% CI, -8% to 31%), lower with (9%; 95% CI, -18% to 30%) versus without (45%; 95% CI, -7% to 71%) prior season's vaccination. In 2016-2017, VE against predominant clade 3C.2a1 viruses was 33% (95% CI, 11%-50%): 18% (95% CI, -40% to 52%) for 3C.2a1a defined by a pivotal T135K loss of glycosylation; 60% (95% CI, 19%-81%) for 3C.2a1b (without T135K); and 31% (95% CI, 2%-51%) for other 3C.2a1 variants (with/without T135K). VE against 3C.2a2 viruses was 45% (95% CI, 2%-70%) in 2016-2017 but 15% (95% CI, -7% to 33%) in 2017-2018 when 3C.2a2 predominated. VE against 3C.2a1b in 2017-2018 was 37% (95% CI, -57% to 75%), lower at 12% (95% CI, -129% to 67%) for a new 3C.2a1b subcluster (n = 28) also bearing T135K.

CONCLUSIONS

Exploring VE by phylogenetic subcluster and prior vaccination history reveals informative heterogeneity. Pivotal mutations affecting glycosylation sites, and repeat vaccination using unchanged antigen, may reduce VE.

摘要

背景

甲型 H3N2 流感疫苗在 2015-2016 年从 3C.3a 分支更新为 3C.2a,用于 2016-2017 年和 2017-2018 年。循环的 3C.2a 病毒表现出相当大的血凝素糖蛋白多样化,鸡蛋适应的疫苗也带有突变。

方法

通过测试阴性设计评估 2016-2017 年和 2017-2018 年的疫苗有效性(VE),通过 A(H3N2)系统发育亚群和前一季节的疫苗接种史进行探索。

结果

在 2016-2017 年,A(H3N2)VE 为 36%(95%置信区间[CI],18%-50%),与(43%;95%CI,24%-58%)或无(33%;95%CI,-21%至 62%)前一季节的疫苗接种相当。在 2017-2018 年,VE 为 14%(95%CI,-8%至 31%),与(9%;95%CI,-18%至 30%)相比,无(45%;95%CI,-7%至 71%)前一季节的疫苗接种较低。在 2016-2017 年,针对主要的 3C.2a1 病毒株的 VE 为 33%(95%CI,11%-50%):对 3C.2a1a 的 VE 为 18%(95%CI,-40%至 52%),由关键的 T135K 糖基化缺失定义;3C.2a1b 的 VE 为 60%(95%CI,19%-81%)(无 T135K);其他 3C.2a1 变体(有/无 T135K)的 VE 为 31%(95%CI,2%-51%)。在 2016-2017 年,针对 3C.2a2 病毒的 VE 为 45%(95%CI,2%-70%),但在 2017-2018 年 3C.2a2 占主导地位时,VE 为 15%(95%CI,-7%至 33%)。在 2017-2018 年,针对 3C.2a1b 的 VE 为 37%(95%CI,-57%至 75%),较低的为 12%(95%CI,-129%至 67%),用于新的 3C.2a1b 亚群(n = 28)也具有 T135K。

结论

通过系统发育亚群和先前的疫苗接种史探索 VE 揭示了信息异质性。影响糖基化位点的关键突变以及使用不变的抗原进行重复疫苗接种,可能会降低 VE。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/30ee/9016427/2abb760ca417/jiaa138f0001.jpg

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