College of Life Science, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen, China.
Higher Education Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular and Environmental Stress Response (Shanxi Normal University) in Shanxi Province, Linfen, China.
Plant Biol (Stuttg). 2020 Nov;22(6):971-980. doi: 10.1111/plb.13114. Epub 2020 Aug 26.
Microtubules (MT) are critical cytoskeletal filaments that have several functions in cell morphogenesis, cell division, vesicle transport and cytoplasmic separation in the spatiotemporal regulation of eukaryotic cells. Formation of MT requires the co-interaction of MT nucleation and α-β-tubulins, as well as MT-associated proteins (MAP). Many key MAP contributing to MT nucleation and elongation are essential for MT nucleation and regulation of MT dynamics, and are conserved in the plant kingdom. Therefore, the deletion or decrease of γ-tubulin ring complex (γTuRC) components and related MAP, such as the augmin complex, NEDD1, MZT1, EB1, MAP65, etc., in Arabidopsis thaliana results in MT organizational defects in the spindle and phragmoplast MT, as well as in chromosome defects. In addition, similar defects in MT organization and chromosome structure have been observed in plants under abiotic stress conditions, such as under high UV-B radiation. The MT can sense the signal from UV-B radiation, resulting in abnormal MT arrangement. Further studies are required to determine whether the abnormal chromosomes induced by UV-B radiation can be attributed to the involvement of abnormal MT arrays in chromosome migration after DNA damage.
微管（MT）是细胞形态发生、细胞分裂、囊泡运输和细胞质分离等细胞时空调节中具有多种功能的关键细胞骨架丝。MT 的形成需要 MT 成核和 α-β-微管蛋白以及 MT 相关蛋白（MAP）的共同相互作用。许多有助于 MT 成核和延伸的关键 MAP 对于 MT 成核和 MT 动力学的调节至关重要，并且在植物界中是保守的。因此，拟南芥中 γ-微管蛋白环复合物（γTuRC）成分和相关 MAP 的缺失或减少，如 augmin 复合物、NEDD1、MZT1、EB1、MAP65 等，导致纺锤体和质膜 MT 中的 MT 组织缺陷，以及染色体缺陷。此外，在非生物胁迫条件下，如高 UV-B 辐射下的植物中也观察到类似的 MT 组织和染色体结构缺陷。MT 可以感知来自 UV-B 辐射的信号，导致 MT 排列异常。需要进一步研究以确定 UV-B 辐射诱导的异常染色体是否可以归因于 DNA 损伤后异常 MT 阵列参与染色体迁移。
