Yang De Wei, Li Sheng Ping, Cui Hai Tao, Zou Sheng Hao, Wang Wei
Institute of Rice, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350018, China.
College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
Yi Chuan. 2020 Mar 20;42(3):278-286. doi: 10.16288/j.yczz.20-015.
In recent years, a great number of plant () genes and pathogen () genes were identified. Exciting breakthroughs were also made on the structural and functional analysis of R proteins and Avr proteins, and the mechanistic interaction between them. Plants have evolved two layers of the immune system to cope with pathogens in the evolutionary processes, which are pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-triggered immunity (PTI) and effector-triggered immunity (ETI). In PTI responses, conserved PAMPs are recognized by plant plasma membrane-localized pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and disease resistance is activated. Furthermore, the ETI immune signaling is activated by the recognition of pathogen Avr proteins by the host R proteins, which usually results in hypersensitive responses at the infection site. In this review, we summarize the progresses on PTI and ETI, and discuss the genetic mechanism of the interaction between plant gene and pathogen gene in detail. We also envision the new challenges and propose the new strategies for the future investigations on plant resistance molecular breeding.
近年来，大量的植物（）基因和病原体（）基因被鉴定出来。在R蛋白和Avr蛋白的结构与功能分析以及它们之间的作用机制方面也取得了令人兴奋的突破。植物在进化过程中进化出了两层免疫系统来应对病原体，即病原体相关分子模式（PAMP）触发的免疫（PTI）和效应子触发的免疫（ETI）。在PTI反应中，保守的PAMPs被植物质膜定位的模式识别受体（PRRs）识别，从而激活抗病性。此外，ETI免疫信号由宿主R蛋白对病原体Avr蛋白的识别激活，这通常会在感染部位引发超敏反应。在本综述中，我们总结了PTI和ETI的研究进展，并详细讨论了植物基因与病原体基因相互作用的遗传机制。我们还展望了新的挑战，并提出了未来植物抗性分子育种研究的新策略。
