Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain.
Universitat de Barcelona, Departament d'Història i Arqueologia, Facultat de Geografia i Història, c/Montalegre 6, 08001 Barcelona, Spain.
Science. 2020 Mar 27;367(6485). doi: 10.1126/science.aaz7943.
Marine food-reliant subsistence systems such as those in the African Middle Stone Age (MSA) were not thought to exist in Europe until the much later Mesolithic. Whether this apparent lag reflects taphonomic biases or behavioral distinctions between archaic and modern humans remains much debated. Figueira Brava cave, in the Arrábida range (Portugal), provides an exceptionally well preserved record of Neandertal coastal resource exploitation on a comparable scale to the MSA and dated to ~86 to 106 thousand years ago. The breadth of the subsistence base-pine nuts, marine invertebrates, fish, marine birds and mammals, tortoises, waterfowl, and hoofed game-exceeds that of regional early Holocene sites. Fisher-hunter-gatherer economies are not the preserve of anatomically modern people; by the Last Interglacial, they were in place across the Old World in the appropriate settings.
海洋依赖型生计系统，如非洲中石器时代（MSA）的生计系统，直到后来的中石器时代才被认为存在于欧洲。这种明显的滞后是反映了埋藏学偏见还是古老人类和现代人类之间的行为差异，仍存在很大争议。葡萄牙阿拉比达山脉的菲盖拉布拉瓦洞穴提供了一个非常好的保存记录，记录了尼安德特人在沿海地区以类似于 MSA 的规模开发资源的情况，其年代可追溯到约 86 至 106 千年前。生计基础的广度——松仁、海洋无脊椎动物、鱼类、海洋鸟类和哺乳动物、龟类、水禽和有蹄类猎物——超过了该地区全新世早期遗址的范围。渔猎采集经济并非现代人所特有；在上一个间冰期，在适当的环境下，它们已经遍布旧大陆。
