Cena Loredana, Palumbo Gabriella, Mirabella Fiorino, Gigantesco Antonella, Stefana Alberto, Trainini Alice, Tralli Nella, Imbasciati Antonio
Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Section of Clinical Psychology, Observatory of Perinatal Clinical Psychology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
Center for Behavioural Sciences and Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Rome, Italy.
Front Psychol. 2020 Mar 11;11:365. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00365. eCollection 2020.
The most common mental disorders in women during the perinatal (antenatal and postnatal) period are depressive syndromes and anxiety syndromes. The global prevalence of maternal perinatal depression ranges from 10 to 20%, while the prevalence of perinatal anxiety ranges from 10 to 24%. The comorbidity of mood and anxiety disorders in perinatal women is common, reaching 40%. In Italy, a few studies have been undertaken to evaluate the prevalence of perinatal depression and anxiety, and there is still a scarcity of research and intervention programs regarding primary prevention. Three of the main aims of this study are: (1) to evaluate the prevalence of maternal perinatal depression and anxiety in a large sample of women attending healthcare centers in Italy; (2) to investigate the psychosocial risks and protective factors associated with maternal perinatal depression and anxiety; (3) to evaluate the effectiveness of a manualized psychological intervention (Milgrom et al., 1999) to treat perinatal depression; (4) to evaluate the psychometric properties of both the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 in detecting perinatal depression; and (5) to evaluate the influence of maternal depression and anxiety on the development of infant temperament.
This is a prospective cohort study, which merges an observational design and a pre-post intervention design. The study includes a 1-year recruitment period and a one-year follow-up period. The methodological strategy includes: (1) self-report questionnaires on maternal depression, anxiety, health status, quality of life and psychosocial risks; (2) a self-report questionnaire to measure the infant's temperament; (3) a clinical interview; (4) a structured diagnostic interview; and (5) a psychological intervention.
The results of this study may contribute to our knowledge about prevalence of antenatal and postnatal depression and anxiety (during both the trimesters of pregnancy and the first six trimesters after birth) and about the effectiveness of early psychological intervention in the perinatal health services.
围产期（产前和产后）女性中最常见的精神障碍是抑郁综合征和焦虑综合征。全球孕产妇围产期抑郁症的患病率在10%至20%之间，而围产期焦虑症的患病率在10%至24%之间。围产期女性中情绪和焦虑障碍的共病情况很常见，达到40%。在意大利，已经开展了一些研究来评估围产期抑郁和焦虑的患病率，但关于一级预防的研究和干预项目仍然匮乏。本研究的三个主要目的是：（1）评估在意大利医疗保健中心就诊的大量女性样本中孕产妇围产期抑郁和焦虑的患病率；（2）调查与孕产妇围产期抑郁和焦虑相关的心理社会风险和保护因素；（3）评估一种标准化心理干预措施（米尔格罗姆等人，1999年）治疗围产期抑郁症的有效性；（4）评估爱丁堡产后抑郁量表和患者健康问卷-9在检测围产期抑郁症方面的心理测量特性；（5）评估孕产妇抑郁和焦虑对婴儿气质发展的影响。
这是一项前瞻性队列研究，融合了观察性设计和干预前后设计。该研究包括为期1年的招募期和1年的随访期。方法策略包括：（1）关于孕产妇抑郁、焦虑、健康状况、生活质量和心理社会风险的自我报告问卷；（2）一份测量婴儿气质的自我报告问卷；（3）一次临床访谈；（4）一次结构化诊断访谈；（5）一次心理干预。
本研究结果可能有助于我们了解产前和产后抑郁与焦虑的患病率（在孕期各阶段以及产后前六个月），以及早期心理干预在围产期保健服务中的有效性。
