Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University.
Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke University.
Psychol Sci. 2020 Apr;31(4):468-479. doi: 10.1177/0956797620904045. Epub 2020 Mar 30.
Recent research suggests that people can learn to link the control process of task switching to predictive cues so that switch costs are attenuated following informative precues of switch likelihood. However, the precise conditions that shape such contextual cuing of control are not well understood. Farooqui and Manly (2015) raised the possibility that cued task switching is more effective when cues of control demand are presented subliminally. In the current study, we aimed to replicate and extend these findings by more systematically manipulating whether cues of control demand are consciously perceived or are presented subliminally and whether participants have explicit prior knowledge of the cue meaning or acquire cue knowledge through experience. The direct replication was unsuccessful: We found no evidence for effective subliminal cuing but observed some evidence for participants reducing switch costs with explicit, supraliminal cues. Thus, cognitive control may be guided most effectively by explicitly understood and consciously perceived precues.
最近的研究表明，人们可以学习将任务切换的控制过程与预测线索联系起来，从而在信息丰富的切换可能性前导线索后降低切换成本。然而，控制的这种上下文提示的精确条件尚不清楚。法鲁基和曼利（2015 年）提出了这样一种可能性，即当控制需求的线索以潜意识的形式呈现时，提示性任务切换会更有效。在本研究中，我们旨在通过更系统地操纵控制需求线索是被有意识地感知还是潜意识呈现，以及参与者是否对线索含义有明确的先验知识或通过经验获得线索知识，来复制和扩展这些发现。直接复制是不成功的：我们没有发现有效的潜意识提示的证据，但观察到一些参与者通过明确的、超意识的线索降低切换成本的证据。因此，认知控制可能最有效地由明确理解和有意识感知的前导线索来指导。
