Water Electrolysis Using Thin Pt and RuO Catalysts Deposited by a Flame-Annealing Method on Pencil-Lead Graphite-Rod Electrodes.

An inexpensive, simple, and high-activity catalyst preparation method has been introduced in this work. Pt and RuO catalysts were fabricated by soaking inexpensive graphite electrodes (pencil-lead graphite rod: PGR) in catalyst precursor solutions and using a simple flame-annealing method, which results in lower amount of Pt and RuO catalyst layers. From X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure analysis, it has been found that platinum and ruthenium were deposited as zero-valence metal (Pt) and oxide (RuO ), respectively. Catalytic activities of Pt/PGR and RuO /PGR for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) were evaluated using neutral 1 M NaSO aqueous electrolyte, respectively. Although HER and OER currents using PGR without catalysts were -16 mA cm (at -1.5 V vs Ag/AgCl) and +20 mA cm (at +2.0 V vs Ag/AgCl), they were improved to -110 and +80 mA cm with catalysts (Pt and RuO ), respectively. Such an inexpensive and rapid catalyst electrode preparation method on PGR using flame-annealing is a very significant method in the initial catalyst activity evaluation requiring a large amount of trial and error.