Frolov Andrey V, Akhmetova Lilia A
Laboratory of Insect Systematics, Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya nab., 1, 199034 Sankt-Petersburg, Russia..
Zootaxa. 2020 Mar 12;4750(3):zootaxa.4750.3.8. doi: 10.11646/zootaxa.4750.3.8.
A new brachypterous species of the scarab beetle genus Orphnus Macleay, 1819, O. (O.) brevialatus Frolov Akhmetova, new species, is described from Kipengere Range (Livingstone Mountains), Tanzania. The new species differs from other flightless Orphnus species occurring in East Africa in having a well-developed pronotal armature with two long, acute lateral processes. In the shape of the head, pronotum, and male genitalia it is similar to O. compactilis Quedenfeldt, 1882, but differs from it, in addition to the reduced wings and shorter body, in the shape of the endophallic armature. Flightlessness is rather common among the orphnines: 56 orphnine species out of 235 have the wings reduced to different degree making them incapable of flight, although this is a preliminary minimum figure. Flightless species are found in Hybalus Dejean, 1833, Chaetonyx Schaum, 1862, Orphnus Macleay, Hybaloides Quedenfeldt, 1884, Aegidium Westwood, 1845 and Stenosternus Karsch, 1881. All regional orphnine faunas except for Indo-Malayan and Madagascan include flightless species, although flightlessness is more common in African taxa.
描述了金龟子科奥夫努斯属（Orphnus Macleay，1819）的一个新的短翅物种，即奥夫努斯（奥夫努斯）短翅亚种（O. (O.) brevialatus Frolov & Akhmetova），该新物种发现于坦桑尼亚的基彭盖雷山脉（利文斯通山脉）。该新物种与东非其他无翅的奥夫努斯物种不同，其前胸背板有发达的装甲，具两个长而尖锐的侧突。在头部、前胸背板和雄性生殖器的形状上，它与1882年的紧凑奥夫努斯（O. compactilis Quedenfeldt）相似，但除了翅膀退化和身体较短外，其阳茎内骨装甲的形状也与之不同。在奥夫努斯亚科中，无翅现象相当普遍：235种奥夫努斯亚科物种中有56种翅膀不同程度退化，使其无法飞行，不过这只是一个初步的最低数字。在1833年的海巴卢斯属（Hybalus Dejean）、1862年的凯托尼克斯属（Chaetonyx Schaum）、奥夫努斯属（Orphnus Macleay）、1884年的海巴洛德斯属（Hybaloides Quedenfeldt）、1845年的埃吉迪姆属（Aegidium Westwood）和1881年的窄胸金龟属（Stenosternus Karsch）中都有无翅物种。除印度 - 马来亚和马达加斯加地区外，所有地区的奥夫努斯亚科动物区系都包含无翅物种，尽管无翅现象在非洲类群中更为常见。
