Famielec Stanisław
Faculty of Production and Power Engineering, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Balicka 116 B, 30-149 Kraków, Poland.
Materials (Basel). 2020 Mar 27;13(7):1533. doi: 10.3390/ma13071533.
Leather processing requires substantial inputs of energy, water and chemicals. Additionally, it generates significant amounts of liquid and solid waste, severely impacting the environment. Processing 1 Mg of raw hides yields up to 600-700 kg of waste, considerable amounts of which are solid tannery waste. Such waste contains chromium (Cr) compounds, which are commonly used as tanning agents. This paper reviews solid tannery waste treatment technologies, with emphasis on waste incineration in a specially designed experimental tunnel incinerator. Three different types of tannery waste were subjected to tests: trimmings, shavings and buffing dust. As the research revealed, the process can be applied to all types of solid tannery waste. Moreover, it enables the reuse of the heat of the process and results in a Cr concentrate in the process residues. The conducted analyses (carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen elemental analysis; inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy; powder X‑ray diffraction) proved that there is no or little organic content in the obtained residual ash, which contains up to 53.1%(w/w) Cr in the form of Cr (III) oxide. Such material may be used as a Cr ore substitute in the chemical or metallurgical industries.
皮革加工需要大量的能源、水和化学品。此外，它还会产生大量的液体和固体废弃物，对环境造成严重影响。加工1吨生皮会产生多达600 - 700千克的废弃物，其中相当一部分是制革固体废弃物。此类废弃物含有通常用作鞣剂的铬（Cr）化合物。本文综述了制革固体废弃物处理技术，重点介绍了在专门设计的实验隧道焚烧炉中进行的废弃物焚烧。对三种不同类型的制革废弃物进行了测试：边角料、刨花和磨屑。研究表明，该工艺可应用于所有类型的制革固体废弃物。此外，它能够再利用该工艺产生的热量，并在工艺残渣中得到铬精矿。所进行的分析（碳、氢和氮元素分析；电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法；粉末X射线衍射）证明，所得残余灰分中有机成分极少或没有，其中以氧化铬（III）形式存在的铬含量高达53.1%（w/w）。这种材料可在化学或冶金工业中用作铬矿石替代品。
