Waldmann Sylvia, T Lübke Katrin, Pentzek Michael, Pause Bettina M
Zentrum für Krisenintervention, Psychiatrie Baselland.
Institut für Experimentelle Psychologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf.
Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr. 2020 Mar;88(3):184-193. doi: 10.1055/a-1003-6798. Epub 2020 Mar 31.
Past research has revealed a variety of olfactory deficits associated with psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. These deficits are evident in psychophysical olfactory testing as well as neurophysiological and neuroanatomical examinations. The specific type of olfactory dysfunction appears disorder specific. For example, with regard to affective disorders, the functional and anatomical overlap between olfactory and emotion-specific brain areas has been suggested as a major underlying factor for olfactory dysfunction. Based on converging evidence of changes in olfactory perception related to Major Depression, Schizophrenia, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Disease, olfactory testing has been discussed as an important additional diagnostic marker. Hence, valid methods for objective and reliable olfactory testing as well as guidelines for the interpretation of the respective diagnostic findings are required. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of reported olfactory deficits in psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. In addition, a selection of olfactory tests, available in German-speaking countries, with regard to the respective disorder-related olfactory deficit in question are presented and classified. Original data regarding an empirical validation of the Düsseldorf Odour Discrimination Test in a clinical population are presented.
过去的研究揭示了与精神疾病和神经退行性疾病相关的多种嗅觉缺陷。这些缺陷在心理物理学嗅觉测试以及神经生理学和神经解剖学检查中都很明显。嗅觉功能障碍的具体类型似乎因疾病而异。例如，对于情感障碍，嗅觉与特定情感脑区之间的功能和解剖重叠被认为是嗅觉功能障碍的一个主要潜在因素。基于与重度抑郁症、精神分裂症、阿尔茨海默病和帕金森病相关的嗅觉感知变化的越来越多的证据，嗅觉测试已被视为一种重要的辅助诊断标志物。因此，需要客观可靠的嗅觉测试有效方法以及各自诊断结果的解释指南。本综述的目的是概述精神疾病和神经退行性疾病中报告的嗅觉缺陷。此外，还介绍并分类了德语国家可用的一系列嗅觉测试，这些测试针对各自与疾病相关的嗅觉缺陷。还展示了关于杜塞尔多夫气味辨别测试在临床人群中的实证验证的原始数据。
