Department of Neuroscience, University of Edinburgh.
Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri.
Neuropsychology. 2020 Jul;34(5):524-534. doi: 10.1037/neu0000631. Epub 2020 Apr 2.
Studies have shown that patients with anterograde amnesia forget less episodic information after a delay if encoding is immediately followed by an unfilled period of wakeful rest. This benefit has been attributed to the reduced interference with the consolidation process. However, this account cannot directly explain improved retention in healthy adults resulting from pre-encoding rest. While benefits resulting from pre- and post-encoding rest can be alternatively explained via improved distinctiveness at retrieval, it has yet to be established whether both benefits are observable in amnesics. The aim of the current study was to assess whether amnesic patients showed improved retention of prose material after 10 min following both pre- and post-encoding unfilled intervals of wakeful rest. Twelve patients with anterograde amnesia were recruited. Participants completed four conditions. A short prose passage was aurally presented in each condition. Prose presentation was preceded and followed by a 9-min delay interval. Delay intervals were either filled (spot-the-difference task) or unfilled (wakeful rest). Prose retention was assessed immediately after presentation and after 10 min. Prose retention was consistently better when wakeful rest followed prose encoding in comparison to a condition where an effortful task was encountered both before and after encoding. Post-encoding wakeful rest alone substantially improves retention in amnesic patients. While pre-encoding wakeful rest elicits inconsistent benefits in amnesics, reduced retention following both pre- and post-encoding task engagement suggests that pre-encoding activity may still be relevant. Overall, our findings support consolidation interference explanations of forgetting in anterograde amnesia. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
研究表明，如果编码后立即紧接着是一段未被填满的清醒休息时间，那么顺行性遗忘症患者在延迟后会遗忘较少的情景信息。这种益处归因于巩固过程中的干扰减少。然而，这种解释不能直接解释健康成年人由于编码前休息而导致的保留能力提高。虽然预编码和后编码休息带来的益处可以通过检索时的独特性提高来替代解释，但尚未确定遗忘症患者是否可以观察到这两种益处。本研究的目的是评估遗忘症患者在编码前后的清醒休息时间内各 10 分钟后，是否能提高散文材料的保留能力。12 名顺行性遗忘症患者被招募。参与者完成了四种条件。在每种条件下，通过听觉呈现一段短的散文。在呈现散文之前和之后都有 9 分钟的延迟间隔。延迟间隔要么被填满（找不同任务），要么未被填满（清醒休息）。在呈现后立即和 10 分钟后评估散文保留情况。与编码前后都遇到费力任务的条件相比，清醒休息紧随散文编码时，散文保留始终更好。单独的后编码清醒休息显著提高了遗忘症患者的保留能力。虽然编码前清醒休息在遗忘症患者中引起的益处不一致，但编码前后任务参与都会导致保留能力降低，这表明编码前的活动可能仍然相关。总体而言，我们的发现支持遗忘症中遗忘的巩固干扰解释。
