Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz). 2020 Apr 1;68(2):10. doi: 10.1007/s00005-020-00576-4.
Chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal system is mediated by both the immune system activity and homeostasis, mainly through releasing of various cytokines and chemokines, as well as the transmigration of the inflammatory cells to the affected site. In between, macrophages are key mediators of the immune system, nearly located all over the gastrointestinal tract. Macrophages have vital influence on the inflammatory condition with both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory functions. Their polarization status has been linked to numerous metabolic disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The equilibrium between the phenotypes and functions of inflammatory M1 and anti-inflammatory M2 cells is regulated by both extracellular and intracellular stimuli, determining how the disease progresses. Thereby, factors that interchange such balance in the direction of increasing M2 macrophages offer unique approaches for future management of IBD. This study reflects the novel IBD treatment targets via the immune system's pathway, reporting the latest treatments that regulate the M1/M2 macrophages distribution in a way to favor IBD.
胃肠道系统的慢性炎症由免疫系统活动和内稳态介导，主要通过释放各种细胞因子和趋化因子以及炎症细胞向受影响部位的迁移来实现。在这中间，巨噬细胞是免疫系统的关键介质，几乎分布在胃肠道的各个部位。巨噬细胞对炎症状态具有重要影响，具有促炎和抗炎功能。它们的极化状态与许多代谢紊乱有关，如炎症性肠病 (IBD)。炎症性 M1 和抗炎性 M2 细胞的表型和功能之间的平衡受细胞外和细胞内刺激的调节，决定了疾病的进展。因此，使这种平衡朝着增加 M2 巨噬细胞方向变化的因素为 IBD 的未来治疗提供了独特的方法。本研究通过免疫系统途径反映了新型 IBD 治疗靶点，报告了最新的治疗方法，这些方法以有利于 IBD 的方式调节 M1/M2 巨噬细胞的分布。
