Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA.
Environ Res. 2020 Jun;185:109411. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109411. Epub 2020 Mar 26.
Green space has been associated with better health and well-being. However, most studies have been cross-sectional with limited long-term exposure data. Further, research is limited in what type of green space is beneficial for health. We conducted a longitudinal study to assess sensitive periods (birth, childhood or adulthood) of exposure to different types of green space in association with adult blood pressure and body mass index (BMI). Using longitudinal data from the New England Family Study (1960-2000) and multilevel regression analysis, we examined associations between time-varying markers of residential exposure to green space, and adult BMI, systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (N = 517). We created three exposure metrics: distance, average area, and green space count in the neighborhood throughout the life-course. In adjusted models, living one mile farther away from a green space at birth was associated with a 5.6 mmHg higher adult SBP (95%CI: 0.7, 10.5), and 3.5 mmHg higher DBP (95%CI: 0.3, 6.8). One more green space in the neighborhood at birth was also associated with lower DBP (-0.2 mmHg, 95%CI: -0.4, -0.02) in adulthood. Finally, average area of green space was not associated with SBP, DBP nor BMI. Analysis by type of green space suggested that parks may be more relevant than playgrounds, cemeteries or golf courses. Our study suggests that the perinatal period may be a critical time-period where living closer to green spaces may lower hypertension risk in adulthood, but not obesity.
绿色空间与更好的健康和幸福感有关。然而，大多数研究都是横断面研究，长期暴露数据有限。此外，研究还局限于哪种类型的绿色空间对健康有益。我们进行了一项纵向研究，以评估暴露于不同类型绿色空间的敏感时期（出生、儿童期或成年期）与成人血压和体重指数（BMI）之间的关系。利用新英格兰家庭研究（1960-2000 年）的纵向数据和多层次回归分析，我们研究了居住环境中绿色空间的时间变化标志物与成人 BMI、收缩压（SBP）和舒张压（DBP）之间的关系（N=517）。我们创建了三个暴露指标：一生中居住地到绿色空间的距离、平均面积和附近的绿色空间数量。在调整后的模型中，出生时距离绿色空间每远一英里，成人 SBP 就会高出 5.6mmHg（95%CI：0.7，10.5），DBP 也会高出 3.5mmHg（95%CI：0.3，6.8）。出生时附近多一个绿色空间也与较低的 DBP 相关（-0.2mmHg，95%CI：-0.4，-0.02）。最后，平均绿色空间面积与 SBP、DBP 或 BMI 均无关。按绿色空间类型进行的分析表明，公园可能比操场、墓地或高尔夫球场更相关。我们的研究表明，围产期可能是一个关键时期，在这个时期，靠近绿色空间可能会降低成年后患高血压的风险，但不会降低肥胖的风险。
