饲粮添加苜蓿浓缩蛋白对 Polbar 蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质及生、冻干和煮鸡蛋脂肪酸组成的影响。
Effects of dietary alfalfa protein concentrate supplementation on performance, egg quality, and fatty acid composition of raw, freeze-dried, and hard-boiled eggs from Polbar laying hens.
机构信息
Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Life Sciences, Lublin 20-950, Poland.
Institute of Biological Bases of Animal Production, University of Life Sciences, Lublin 20-950, Poland.
出版信息
Poult Sci. 2020 Apr;99(4):2256-2265. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2019.11.030. Epub 2020 Jan 24.
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of addition of alfalfa protein concentrate (APC) at the dose of 15 g or 30 g per 1 kg of complete feed ration for the native Polbar breed on selected production traits and the fatty acid profile in the yolk of raw, hard-boiled or freeze-dried eggs. Laying hens were assigned randomly to 3 experimental groups, each comprising 30 birds. The control group received a standard diet without the APC addition and the experimental groups received APC, which partially replaced postextraction soybean meal. Egg laying performance, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio were controlled throughout the experiment. At 33 wk of age, 45 eggs were randomly selected for assessment of the quality of the egg content and eggshell, and 30 eggs were taken for each of the cooking and freeze-drying treatments. The fatty acid composition was determined in the yolks of hard-boiled, freeze-dried, and raw eggs. There was no effect of the APC addition on the laying performance, feed intake and feed conversion ratio, and a majority of egg quality traits. Hens fed with the APC laid eggs with a darker colored eggshell and yolk and a slightly lower breaking strength. The yolks in the eggs from hens receiving the APC addition were characterized by distinctly higher content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). The group fed with a higher dose of APC produced eggs with a substantially lower level of saturated fatty acids (SFA). Boiling resulted in an increase in the SFA content and a decline in the level of PUFAs and carotenoids. Freeze-drying led to an increase in the total SFA content and a decrease in the level of n-3 PUFA. The APC addition to feed can replace the genetically modified soybean meal without reducing the values of production traits and egg quality and with a beneficial effect on the yolk color and fatty acid profile.
本研究旨在确定在原生波兰布罗种鸡的全价饲料中添加苜蓿蛋白浓缩物（APC），剂量分别为 15 克或 30 克/千克，对产蛋性能和蛋黄中脂肪酸组成的影响。将产蛋母鸡随机分为 3 个实验组，每个组包含 30 只鸡。对照组饲喂不含 APC 的标准日粮，实验组饲喂 APC，其部分替代了提取后的大豆粕。整个试验期间均控制产蛋性能、采食量和饲料转化率。在 33 周龄时，随机选择 45 枚鸡蛋用于评估蛋内容物和蛋壳的质量，每 30 枚鸡蛋用于烹饪和冻干处理。测定了煮熟、冻干和生蛋黄的脂肪酸组成。添加 APC 对产蛋性能、采食量和饲料转化率以及大多数蛋品质特性没有影响。饲喂 APC 的母鸡所产鸡蛋的蛋壳和蛋黄颜色更深，蛋壳强度略低。添加 APC 的母鸡所产鸡蛋的蛋黄中多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）含量明显更高。饲喂高剂量 APC 的母鸡所产鸡蛋的饱和脂肪酸（SFA）含量显著降低。煮沸导致 SFA 含量增加，多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）和类胡萝卜素水平降低。冻干导致总 SFA 含量增加，n-3 PUFA 水平降低。在饲料中添加 APC 可以替代基因改良大豆粕，而不会降低生产性能和蛋品质的价值，并对蛋黄颜色和脂肪酸组成产生有益影响。
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