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2020 年全球健康公共卫生硕士专业方向:培养具有文化能力的专业人员,以应对全球化背景下的健康不平等问题。

Master of Public Health Concentrations in Global Health in 2020: Preparing Culturally Competent Professionals to Address Health Disparities in the Context of Globalization.

机构信息

George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA.

Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.

出版信息

Health Promot Pract. 2021 Jul;22(4):574-584. doi: 10.1177/1524839920913546. Epub 2020 Apr 3.

DOI:10.1177/1524839920913546
PMID:32242750
Abstract

During the 2019-2020 academic year, 37 (17%) of 223 Council on Education for Public Health (CEPH) accredited or applicant schools and programs of public health offered Master of Public Health (MPH) degrees with concentrations in general global health. Concentration-specific competencies build on the foundational competencies required for all MPH students enrolled in CEPH-accredited programs. The most popular global health competencies focus on agencies and organizations, ethics and human rights, program management, social and environmental determinants of health, the global burden of disease, collaboration and partnerships, and cultural competency. There is significant overlap between the current concentration competencies and the ones recommended by the Association of Schools and Programs of Public Health in 2018. The online program descriptions for MPH concentrations in global health feature four key themes: globalization, low-income countries, social justice and equity, and culture and diversity. (1) Most programs emphasize transnational health issues and the effects of globalization on health in countries of all income levels. (2) Some programs have a special focus on preparation for serving low-income countries and other disadvantaged populations, such as refugees. (3) Most programs emphasize the social justice and equity issues underlying local and global health disparities. (4) Most programs promote development of the cultural knowledge, awareness, and skills required for serving diverse populations effectively as rising leaders in the international, national, or local public health workforce. Global health MPH programs prepare students for public health practice in resource-limited settings in their home communities as well as internationally.

摘要

在 2019-2020 学年,223 所经教育促进公共卫生理事会(CEPH)认证或申请的公共卫生学校和项目中,有 37 所(17%)提供了公共卫生硕士(MPH)学位,专业方向为普通全球健康。特定专业方向的能力建立在所有在 CEPH 认证项目中注册的 MPH 学生所需的基础能力之上。最受欢迎的全球卫生能力重点关注机构和组织、道德和人权、项目管理、健康的社会和环境决定因素、全球疾病负担、合作和伙伴关系以及文化能力。当前的专业方向能力与 2018 年公共卫生学校和项目协会建议的能力有很大的重叠。全球健康 MPH 专业方向的在线项目描述有四个关键主题:全球化、低收入国家、社会正义和公平以及文化和多样性。(1)大多数项目强调跨国卫生问题和全球化对所有收入水平国家健康的影响。(2)一些项目特别侧重于为服务低收入国家和其他弱势群体(如难民)做准备。(3)大多数项目强调造成地方和全球卫生差异的社会正义和公平问题。(4)大多数项目促进发展文化知识、意识和技能,以便作为国际、国家或地方公共卫生劳动力中的上升领导者,有效地为多样化的人群服务。全球健康 MPH 项目使学生为在其家乡社区和国际上资源有限的环境中从事公共卫生实践做好准备。

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